Ch. 5: Development and socialization Flashcards
Constant across cultures
people wish to become competent, productive adults
Different Across cultures
meaning of competent and productive
Socialization
process by which we learn and internalize rules and patterns of society
Enculturation
process of youngsters learning and adopting ways and manners of their culture
What does social learning/ communication provide?
foundation for cooperation with other humans
Temperament
biologically based style of interacting with the worlds that exists from birth
Characteristics of easy temperament (thomas and chess)
adapt to new experiences, positive moods, normal eating and sleeping patterns, adaptable, positive and responsive
Characteristics of difficult temperament
Very emotional, irritable and fussy, irregular sleep and eating patterns, withdrawn, negative mood
Characteristics of slow to warm up temperament
withdrawn, slow to adapt, need time to make transitions in to new things
Consequence
Fundamental differences in learning, social experiences, and culture as they grow up
Attachment
special bond that develops between infant and caregiver
What are the types of attachment styles?
secure, anxious ambivalent, avoidant
- Secure Attachment
infants have warm relationships with parents, distressed when mother leaves, seek mother, curious only when mother is present
- anxious ambivalent
shows distress when mother is present and absent, distressed when mother leaves but mixed signals when she comes back, pushes mother away and wants her close
- Avoidant
Detached around parents, distressed when mother leaves and avoids reuniting
Adaptive in attachment
relationships that promotes the max level of safety for the child within a specific cultural context
Parental ethnotheories
Parental cultural belief system (motivate and shape what parents think the right way to parent is)
What are the parenting styles?
authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, uninvolved
- Authoritarian parenting
expect unquestioned obedience, view children as needing to be controlled, low warmth and responsiveness (tiger mom)
- Permissive Parenting
warm and nurturing, allow children to regulate own lives, few limits and control, lots of warmth
- Authoritative parenting
high in warmth and control, sets clear standards, high expectations
- Uninvolved parenting
do not respond appropriately to children, indifferent
What are characteristics of a child of Authoritative parents? (Baumrind)
more positive, self reliant, higher emotional and social skills, lower depression, optimistic
What are characteristics of a child of authoritarian parents?
more anxious, withdrawn, lack spontaneity and intellectual curiosity
What are characteristics of children of permissive parents?
immature, have difficulties controlling their impulses and acting independently
Which parenting styles does the chinese society use?
authoritarian (controlling) - tiger mom