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Neurology > Ch 5 Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Ch 5 Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the premotor cortex located?

A

located anteriorly to the primary motor cortex

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2
Q

What is the brocha’s area in charge of?

Where is it located?

A

located in the left hemisphere (for most people) and it is responsible for speech and language.

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3
Q

Apraxia?

A

an impairment of voluntary learned movement

-inability to perform purposeful movement

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4
Q

Ataxia?

A

uncoordinated movement when voluntary movement is attempted

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5
Q

Damaged brocas area can cause what?

A

expressive aphasia

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6
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

perception and process of sensation

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7
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

visual perception

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8
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe

A

emotion and memory
auditory perception
Smell

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9
Q

What are the 4 parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus

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10
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A
  1. Controlling voluntary movement

2. Thinking/problem solving

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11
Q

Primary Motor Cortex location and function?

A
  • located on precentral gyrus
  • controls voluntary movements of contralateral side
  • “homunculus”
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12
Q

Lesion in Primary Motor Cortex causes what?

A

Paralysis on contralateral side of body and muscles of facial expression on the bottom portion of the face

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13
Q

Regions of the Frontal Lobe (7)

A
  • Primary Motor Cortex
  • Premotor Cortex
  • Supplementary Motor Area
  • Broca’s Area
  • Orbitofrontal Cortex
  • Ventromedial Cortex
  • Anterior Cingulate Gyrus
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14
Q

What does Premotor Cortex control?

A

-controls action of trunk and limb muscles

“Body Part Ownership”

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15
Q

Lesion in Premotor Cortex causes what?

A

unilateral neglect

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16
Q

Supplementary Motor Area location

A

medial to the premotor cortex

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17
Q

Supplementary Motor Area function

A

stores motor memories, directs activity of the primary motor cortex

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18
Q

Lesion in Supplementary Motor Area causes what?

A

Apraxia, motor planning deficit

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19
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex

A
  • contains areas for impulse control

- inhibition

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20
Q

Lesion in Orbitofrontal Cortex?

A
  • unable to make/carry out realistic plans
  • trouble with focus and organization
  • trouble with impulse control
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21
Q

Ventromedial Frontal Cortex

A
  • connects emotions with thought
  • emotional meaning to life experiences
  • Part of limbic system
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22
Q

Damage to Ventromedial Frontal cortex?

A
  • flat emotion affect
    underactive: depression
    overactive: mania
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23
Q

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

A

helps integrate thought, motivation, attention and behavior

-part of limbic system

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24
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Patient understands speech but unable to produce speech to respond

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25
Q

Regions of the Parietal Lobe (4)

A

Somatosensory Cortex
Somatosensory Association Area
Parietotemporal Association Cortex
Angular Gyrus

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26
Q

Somatosensory Cortex is located?

A

-on the postcentral gyrus

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27
Q

What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?

A

-perception of pain, temperature, pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception etc

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28
Q

Somatosensory Association Area function

A
  • interpretation of somatosensory information

- stereognosis (recognizing objects)

29
Q

Somatosensory Association Area dysfuntion

A
  • disorders of body image (ex. anorexia nervosa, unilateral neglect)
30
Q

Stereognosis definition

A

the ability of someone to recognize an object by touching it

31
Q

Parietotemporal Association Cortex function

A

Abstract thought, reasoning, reading and writing

Mathematics and spatial recognition

32
Q

Angular Gyrus function?

A

understanding written language

33
Q

Regions of the Occipital Lobe (2)

A
  • Primary visual cortex

- Visual Association cortex

34
Q

Primary visual cortex function

A

visual perception

35
Q

Lesion in primary visual cortex causes..?

A

loss of vision in the opposite visual field (hemianopsia)

36
Q

Visual Association Cortex location & function

A

location: anterior to primary visual cortex
function: interpreting visual stimuli

37
Q

A lesion in visual association cortex causes what?

A

visual agnosia (difficultly recognizing people or objects by sight)

38
Q

Visual Agnosia definition

A

Person can see objects and faces but doesn’t recognize them

39
Q

Regions of the Temporal Lobe (7)

A 
Primary Auditory Cortex
Auditory Association Cortex
Wernicke's Area
Inferotemporal Lobe
Olfactory Cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus
40
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A
  • perception of sound

- input from both ears

41
Q

Auditory Association Cortex

function & location

A
  • function: interpretation & understanding of sounds

- location: posterior to primary auditory cortex

42
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A
  • understanding of language

- usually on the left hemisphere

43
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s area causes what?

A

Receptive Aphasia

44
Q

Receptive Aphasia

A
  • unable to understand language in any form

- can speak fluidly but what they say doesn’t make sense

45
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Receptive Aphasia + Expressive Aphasia

46
Q

Inferotemporal Lobe function

A

-recognition of faces/objects/colors

47
Q

Damage to Inferotemporal Lobe

A

prosopagnosia

48
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces of people you know

-early sign of Alzheimer’s disease

49
Q 
Olfactory Cortex
(location, function)
A

location: medial part of temporal lobe
function: perceiving odor

50
Q

Damage to olfactorty cortex causes?

A

anosmia (loss of sense of smell)

51
Q

Amygdala

location, function

A

medial side of temporal lobe
-involved in strong negative emotion (“fight or flight”)

connected to hypothalamus

52
Q

Hippocampus (location, function)

A

medial side of temporal lobe

  • creation of new long-term memories
  • can generate new neurons
53
Q

Lesion in Hippocampus causes what?

A

-inability to form new long term memories

anterograde amnesia

54
Q

Thalamus

location, function

A

located on either side of the 3rd ventricle
-relay station for sensory and motor signals, as well as regulation of consciousness and alertness

(everything passes through here before going anywhere else in the cortex)

55
Q

Relay Nuclei

A

Receive info from specific areas of nervous system and send on to cerebral cortex

2 general sensory (contralateral side of body)
2 special sensory (visual and auditory)
2 motor

56
Q

Association Nuclei

A
  • receive action potentials

- send info to limbic region (where sensory input is connected to emotions)

57
Q

Intralaminar Nuclei

A

-involved in maintaining conscious awareness

lesions may cause coma

58
Q

Reticular Nucleus of Thalamus

A
  • anterior and lateral to thalamus
  • determine which signals will be sent to cerebral cortex
  • control activity of relay nuclei
59
Q

What causes Thalamic Syndrome?

A

compromise of blood supply from posterior cerebral artery

60
Q

Symptoms of Thalamic syndrome?

A

hemianethesia, sensory ataxia, thalamic pain

61
Q

Thalamic Pain

A
  • a.k.a Central Pain Syndrome
  • caused by damage to thalamus, intense and unpleasant
  • Pain meds not very effective
62
Q

Where is the Hypothalamus located?

A

anterior and inferior to the thalamus

63
Q

Functions of the Hypothalamus?

A
  • controls autonomic nervous system
  • regulates endocrine gland acivity
  • connects physiological responses to emotions
  • maintains homeostasis (water balance, hunger, thirst, sexual drive, body temperature, sleep/wake cycles)
64
Q

Hypothalamus releases what chemicals?

A

Vasopressin - water balance, constricts blood vessels (increases BP)
Oxytocin - constriction of smooth muscles in uterus and mammary glands

65
Q

Central Autonomic Fibers

A
  • descend from hypothalamus to brainstem & spinal cord

- control function of visceral organs

66
Q

Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

A

located just below hypothalamus

-controlled by hypothalamus, releases Prolactin, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, GH, ADH, Oxytocin

67
Q

Epithalamus

A
  • consists of pineal gland and other small nuclei]\

- secretes melatonin

68
Q

Subthalamus

A

contains subthalamic nucleus

-part of the basal ganglia

Neurology (17 decks)

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