Ch 5

Question 1

Scapular protraction

Answer 1

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from midline

Question 2

Flexion

Answer 2

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

Question 3

Distal

Answer 3

Positioned farthest from center of body, or point of reference

Question 4

Motor behavior

Answer 4

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Question 5

Adduction

Answer 5

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

Question 6

Force

Answer 6

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference

Question 7

Muscle synergies

Answer 7

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement

Question 8

Torque

Answer 8

A force that produces rotation

Question 9

Biomechanics

Answer 9

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

Question 10

External rotation

Answer 10

Rotation of joint away from midline of body

Question 12

Isometric muscle action

Answer 12

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visual change in the muscle length

Question 13

Motor development

Answer 13

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan

Question 14

Length-tension relationship

Answer 14

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Question 15

Frontal plane

Answer 15

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves

Question 16

Posterior (or Dorsal)

Answer 16

On back of body

Question 18

Motor control

Answer 18

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

Question 19

Transverse plane

Answer 19

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

Question 21

Superior

Answer 21

Positioned above point of reference

Question 22

Anterior (or Ventral)

Answer 22

On front of body

Question 22

Contralateral

Answer 22

Positioned on opposite side of body

Question 23

Eccentric muscle action

Answer 23

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

Question 24

Sagittal plane

Answer 24

An imaginary bisector that decides the body into left and right halves

Question 26

Horizontal abduction

Answer 26

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

Question 28

Force-couple

Answer 28

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

Question 29

Motor learning

Answer 29

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements

Question 30

Hyperextension

Answer 30

Extension of a joint beyond normal limit of range of motion

Question 31

Medial

Answer 31

Positioned near middle of body

Question 32

Concentric muscle action

Answer 32

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle

Question 33

Extension

Answer 33

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

Question 34

Anatomic positon

Answer 34

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms facing forward

Question 34

Sensorimotor integration

Answer 34

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement

Question 35

Lateral

Answer 35

Positioned toward outside of body

Question 35

Scapular retraction

Answer 35

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward midline

Question 36

Inferior

Answer 36

Positioned below point of reference

Question 36

Scapular elevation

Answer 36

Upward (superior) motion of scapula

Question 37

Abduction

Answer 37

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Question 38

Ipsilateral

Answer 38

Positioned on same side of body

Question 39

Scapular depression

Answer 39

Downward (inferior) motion of scapula

Question 39

Rotary motion

Answer 39

Movement of the bones around the joints

Question 40

Internal rotation

Answer 40

Rotation of joint toward midline of the body

Question 42

Isokinetic muscle actions

Answer 42

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion