Ch 5 Flashcards
Scapular protraction
Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from midline
Flexion
A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases
Distal
Positioned farthest from center of body, or point of reference
Motor behavior
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli
Adduction
Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
Force
An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object
Proximal
Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference
Muscle synergies
Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement
Torque
A force that produces rotation
Biomechanics
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
External rotation
Rotation of joint away from midline of body
Isometric muscle action
When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visual change in the muscle length
Motor development
The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan
Length-tension relationship
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
Frontal plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves
Posterior (or Dorsal)
On back of body
Motor control
How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response
Transverse plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves
Superior
Positioned above point of reference
Anterior (or Ventral)
On front of body
Contralateral
Positioned on opposite side of body
Eccentric muscle action
An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening
Sagittal plane
An imaginary bisector that decides the body into left and right halves
Horizontal abduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position
Force-couple
Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
Motor learning
Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements
Hyperextension
Extension of a joint beyond normal limit of range of motion
Medial
Positioned near middle of body
Concentric muscle action
When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle
Extension
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases
Anatomic positon
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms facing forward
Sensorimotor integration
The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement
Lateral
Positioned toward outside of body
Scapular retraction
Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward midline
Inferior
Positioned below point of reference
Scapular elevation
Upward (superior) motion of scapula
Abduction
A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
Ipsilateral
Positioned on same side of body
Scapular depression
Downward (inferior) motion of scapula
Rotary motion
Movement of the bones around the joints
Internal rotation
Rotation of joint toward midline of the body
Isokinetic muscle actions
When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion
