Ch 2

Question 1

Depressions

Answer 1

Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites

Question 2

Epimysum

Answer 2

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

Question 5

Skeletal system

Answer 5

The body’s framework composed of bones and joints

Question 6

Processes

Answer 6

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Question 7

Neural activation

Answer 7

The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

Question 9

Proprioception

Answer 9

The cumulative sensory input to the center so nervous system from at mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement

Question 11

Joint receptors

Answer 11

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and the deceleration of the joint

Question 12

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 12

Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

Question 14

Osteoclasts

Answer 14

A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue

Question 15

Synovial joints

Answer 15

Joints that are held together by a joint capsule as ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body

Question 16

Ligament

Answer 16

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

Question 18

Joints

Answer 18

Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation

Question 19

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 19

The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis. It is a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of the diaphysis occurs

Question 21

Perimysium

Answer 21

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

Question 22

Motor unit

Answer 22

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 25

Sacromere

Answer 25

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin

Question 26

Muscle spindles

Answer 26

Receptors sensitive to the change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

Question 29

Tendons

Answer 29

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

Question 30

Bones

Answer 30

Provides a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

Question 31

Appendicular skeletal system

Answer 31

Portion of the skeletal system that includes upper and lower extremities

Question 34

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 34

Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Question 35

Neurotransmitters

Answer 35

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle

Question 36

Nonsynovial joints

Answer 36

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage

Question 37

Vertebral column

Answer 37

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

Question 39

Motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 39

Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

Question 40

Epiphysis

Answer 40

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production. They are also one of the primary sites for bone growth

Question 42

Central nervous system

Answer 42

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 44

Periosteum

Answer 44

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which is covered by a synovial membrane

Question 45

Muscular system

Answer 45

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton

Question 46

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 46

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

Question 49

Axial skeletal system

Answer 49

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Question 51

Endomysium

Answer 51

The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 52

Arthrokinematics

Answer 52

Joint motion

Question 54

Medullar cavity

Answer 54

The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

Question 58

Sensory function

Answer 58

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

Question 60

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 60

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

Question 61

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 61

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

Question 62

Osteoblasts

Answer 62

A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation

Question 63

Diaphysis

Answer 63

The shaft portion of the long bone

Question 68

Remodeling

Answer 68

The process of resorption and formation of bone

Question 72

Integrative function

Answer 72

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response

Question 75

Nervous system

Answer 75

A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body

Question 78

Motor function

Answer 78

The neuromuscular response to sensory information

Question 79

Interneurons

Answer 79

Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

Question 80

Human Movement System

Answer 80

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal system

Question 84

Neuron

Answer 84

The functional unit of the nervous system