ch 5 Flashcards
What are the four components of medical terms?
Prefix, root word, combining vowel, and suffix.
What is a prefix?
The part of a word that comes before the root and usually indicates location, number, or time.
What is a root word?
The main part of the word that contains its basic meaning.
What is a suffix?
The word ending that usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech.
What is a combining vowel?
Typically “o,” used to ease pronunciation between word parts.
What does the prefix brady- mean?
Slow.
What does the prefix tachy- mean?
Fast.
What does the prefix hypo- mean?
Below or deficient.
What does the prefix hyper- mean?
Above or excessive.
What does the root cardi/o refer to?
Heart.
What does the root neur/o refer to?
Nerve or nervous system.
What does the root hepat/o refer to?
Liver.
What does the root gastr/o refer to?
Stomach.
What does the root oste/o refer to?
Bone.
What does the root pulmon/o refer to?
Lung.
What does BP stand for?
Blood pressure.
What does SOB stand for?
Shortness of breath.
What does the prefix a-/an- mean?
Without, absent
e.g., apnea = without breathing
What does the prefix anti- mean?
Against, opposed to
e.g., antibiotic
What does the prefix dys- mean?
Difficult, painful, abnormal
e.g., dyspnea
What does the prefix endo- mean?
Inside, within
e.g., endotracheal
What does the prefix epi- mean?
Above, upon
e.g., epigastric
What does the prefix inter- mean?
Between
e.g., intercostal
What does the prefix intra- mean?
Inside, within
e.g., intravenous
What does the prefix peri- mean?
Around
e.g., pericardium
What does the prefix poly- mean?
Many, much
e.g., polyuria
What does the prefix uni- mean?
One
e.g., unilateral
What does the prefix bi- mean?
Two
e.g., bilateral
What does the prefix tri- mean?
Three
e.g., triceps
What does the prefix quadri-/tetra- mean?
Four
e.g., quadriplegia
What does the prefix hemi- mean?
Half
e.g., hemiplegia
What does the prefix sub- mean?
Under, below
e.g., subcutaneous
What does the suffix -algia mean?
Pain
e.g., neuralgia
What does the suffix -cyte mean?
Cell
e.g., leukocyte
What does the suffix -ectomy mean?
Surgical removal
e.g., appendectomy
What does the suffix -emia mean?
Blood condition
e.g., anemia
What does the suffix -genesis mean?
Origin or production
e.g., pathogenesis
What does the suffix -gram mean?
Record or picture
e.g., electrocardiogram
What does the suffix -itis mean?
Inflammation
e.g., bronchitis
What does the suffix -logy mean?
Study of
e.g., cardiology
What does the suffix -megaly mean?
Enlargement
e.g., hepatomegaly
What does the suffix -oma mean?
Tumor or mass
e.g., hematoma
What does the suffix -pathy mean?
Disease
e.g., neuropathy
What does the suffix -penia mean?
Deficiency
e.g., leukopenia
What does the suffix -pnea mean?
Breathing
e.g., apnea
What does the suffix -rrhea mean?
Flow or discharge
e.g., diarrhea
What does the suffix -scopy mean?
Visual examination
e.g., endoscopy
What does the suffix -stasis mean?
Stopping or controlling
e.g., hemostasis
What does anterior (ventral) mean?
Toward the front of the body.
What does posterior (dorsal) mean?
Toward the back of the body
What does superior mean?
Toward the head or above another part.
What does inferior mean?
Below or toward the feet.
What does medial mean?
Toward the midline of the body.
What does lateral mean?
Away from the midline of the body.
What does proximal mean?
Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk.
What does distal mean?
Farther from the point of attachment to the trunk.
What does superficial mean?
Closer to or on the surface of the body.
What does deep mean?
Farther inside the body, away from the surface.
What does palmar refer to?
The front (palm side) of the hand.
What does plantar refer to?
The bottom (sole) of the foot.
What is the anatomic position?
Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
What is the supine position?
Lying on the back, face up.
What is the prone position?
Lying on the stomach, face down.
What is the Fowler position?
Sitting upright (90 degrees or less), used to improve breathing.
What is the semi-Fowler position?
Reclined at about 45 degrees.
What is the Trendelenburg position?
Body laid flat with feet elevated higher than the head (rarely used in EMS).
What is the recovery position (lateral recumbent)?
Patient on their side to help maintain an open airway.
What is the sagittal (lateral) plane?
Divides the body into left and right parts.
What is the midsagittal plane?
Divides the body into equal left and right halves.
What is the frontal (coronal) plane?
Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.
What is the transverse (axial) plane?
Divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts.
What does supra- mean?
Above or over (e.g., suprapubic = above the pubic bone)
What does infra- mean?
Below or beneath (e.g., infrascapular = below the shoulder blade)
What does pre- mean?
Before (e.g., prenatal = before birth)
What does post- mean?
After (e.g., postpartum = after childbirth)
What does contra- mean?
Opposite or against (e.g., contralateral = opposite side)
What does ipsilateral mean?
On the same side
What does RUQ stand for?
Right Upper Quadrant (of the abdomen)
What organs are located in the RUQ
Liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and intestines.
What does LUQ stand for?
Left Upper Quadrant
What organs are located in the LUQ?
Stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, and intestines.
What does RLQ stand for?
Right Lower Quadrant
What organ is commonly associated with pain in the RLQ?
Appendix (appendicitis)
What does LLQ stand for?
Left Lower Quadrant
What does LLL stand for?
Left Lower Lobe (usually of the lung)
What does RUL stand for?
Right Upper Lobe (of the lung)
What does LUQ pain suggest in terms of possible organs affected?
Stomach, spleen, or pancreas problems.
What does acute mean in medical terms?
Sudden onset, short duration, often severe.
What does chronic mean?
Long-term or recurring over time.
What does etiology mean?
The cause or origin of a disease.
What does sign mean in medical terms?
Objective evidence of disease (e.g., rash, fever).
What does symptom mean in medical terms?
Subjective experience reported by the patient (e.g., pain, dizziness).
