ch 5

Question 1

melatonin regulates:

Answer 1

reproduction and sleep/wake cycle

Question 2

pineal gland location

Answer 2

between the 2 hemispheres of the brain: deep in the brain

Question 3

pineal gland function

Answer 3

produce melatonin

Question 4

melatonin synthesis and secretion

Answer 4

tryptophan > serotonin > acetylyserotonin > melatonin
- tryptophan: amino acid that is the precursor to making melatonin also found in turkeys

Question 5

melatonin levels throughout life

Answer 5

low in newborns, peaks in early childhood, starts to decline from puberty onwards, super low in old ppl

Question 6

melatonin pathway

Answer 6

melatonin > hypothalamus GnRH > anterior pituitary LH

Question 7

circadian rhythm

Answer 7

body’s “master clock” control in the brain that’s like the other biological clocks
- suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 8

retina

Answer 8

light sensing part of the body

Question 9

circadian rhythm pathway

Answer 9

darkness/light > retina > suprachiasmatic nuclei > paraventricular nuclei > intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord > superior cervical ganglia (non adrenic fibers) > pineal gland

Question 10

disruptors that can affect sleep

Answer 10

blue light, stress, adrenaline, jet lag, caffeine and loud noises, eating before bed, social jet lag, night shift, visual impairment