ch 5

Question 1

hypothalamus regulates

Answer 1

body temperature, body fluid levels, reproduction

Question 2

hypothalamus communication

Answer 2

gets info from nerves and then sends signals to pituitary, releases hormones to have effect on body

Question 3

posterior pituitary

Answer 3

neurohypophysis

Question 4

anterior pituitary

Answer 4

adenohypophysis

Question 5

infundibulum

Answer 5

the connection between posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus

Question 6

embryonic origin: posterior

Answer 6

develops from neural ectoderm tissue
- direct extension from brain

Question 7

embryonic origin: anterior

Answer 7

develops from oral ectoderm tissue
- true endocrine gland: makes its own hormones based on neurohormones

Question 8

innervation of posterior

Answer 8

releases oxytocin, target cells are smooth muscle in the breasts to allow for milk letdown, triggered by da baby

Question 9

mammary gland

Answer 9

produces the milk (prolactin)

Question 10

mammary smooth muscle cells

Answer 10

contraction which causes milk secretion into the ducts

Question 11

mammary ducts

Answer 11

pipes that carry milk to the nipple for release/ejection
POSITIVE FEEDBACK

Question 12

ADH

Answer 12

makes u pee less
- vasopressin
- target cell is kidney tubules
- sensory neuron: osmoreceptor
- plasma solute concentration is too high so body wants to retain water to lower it, so ADH is sent to kidneys, blood osmolality either goes up or down. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Question 13

neurohormones

Answer 13

neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus secrete the neurohormones through the axons in the posterior pituitary before moving into the bloodstream

Question 14

neurohormones release:

Answer 14

PRH (prolactin releasing hormone)
CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone)
GnRH (gonadocotropin releasing hormone)
TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)

Question 15

tropic hormone

Answer 15

hormone that regulates the secretion of another hormone from an endocrine gland or cell
- ex. hypothalamus: ant. pit. > thyroid gland > cell response

Question 16

non-tropic hormone

Answer 16

hormone that regulates a response in a target cell/tissue other than the hormone secretion
- ex. prolactin

Question 17

anterior pit. tropic hormones

Answer 17

thyroid-stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropin
growth hormone (both)
luteinizing hormone (both)
follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 18

anterior pit. nontropic hormones

Answer 18

prolactin
growth hormone (both)
luteinizing hormone (both)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 19

FSH

Answer 19

stimulates the ovaries to make estrogen

Question 20

LH

Answer 20

stimulates the release of testosterone from the testes/estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries

Question 21

TSH

Answer 21

stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

Question 22

ACTCH

Answer 22

stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete steroid hormones (cortisol)

Question 23

MSH

Answer 23

influences skin pigmentation

Question 24

prolactin

Answer 24

milk production

Question 25

GH (both)

Answer 25

regulates metabolism and stimulates overall growth in children and adolescents
tropic:
stimulates the liver to produce IGF 1 for the bones and encourage growth
nontropic:
liver undergoes gluconeogenesis: creation of new glucose from non-carb source like fatty acids and some amino acids, which increases blood glucose
- muscles increase amino acids uptake and increase protein synthesis, which increase lean body mass
- effect on adipose tissue leads to an increase in lipolysis, the amount of free fatty acids increases

Question 26

gigantism

Answer 26

hypersection of gh, disorder in individuals who are still growing

Question 27

acromegaly

Answer 27

disorder for adults, hypersecretion of gh

Question 28

hypersecretion of gh feedback loop

Answer 28

long loop: 3rd hormone will target the pituitary or the hypothalamus
short loop: 2nd hormone will target the hypothalamus
- hypothalamus > anterior pituitary > endocrine gland > target cell