ch. 5 Flashcards
when you run finger along the bottom of foot and toes span out, disapperance around 8 - 12 months, unknown purpose
babinski
when the head dips below body while horrizontal –> embracing motion, disappearance around 6 months, purpose infant clings to its mother during fear, reaching for a source of comfort
moro reflex
turn the baby’s head to one side while the infant is laying awake on their back –> fencing position, disappears around 4 months, purpose is to prepare infant for voluntary reaching
tonic neck
grow spinal cord out to fingers
proximodistal trend
head-to-toe-growth
cephalocaudal trend
height and weight are not directly proportioned to each other, sudden percentile ranking change, low extremes
signs of early growth issues
genotype and environmental impacts affect the trait, examples are height and weight
multifactorial traits
what percentage of body weight is lost within the first 3 days after birth
7-10%
weight an ounce a day, double in 4 months, triples in a year, height 10 inches a year
growth norms
first breast milk, nutritional dense, high in antibodies –> builds the immune system
colostrum
breast knows and responds to what they baby needs, provides antibodies in response to the infant’s needs, an infants digestive system can break it down, aids in proper development
why breastfeeding is good
a sudden death usually sleep of a healthy baby, low oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels may be the top cause, sudden infant death syndrome
SIDS
do whatever they can to protect the brain at all costs before anything else, based in nature, malnourishment
head sparing
how many neurons do we have at birth
86 billion
transmits electrical impulses –> to dendrites of other celss
axon
receive messages from axons of other cells
dendrites
chemical messengers
neurotransmitters
gap between the dendrites of the cells
synaptic cleft
control center of the cell –> sends messages
nucleus
different lobes in the brain
occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal
sensory and spatial understanding
parietal lobe
collection of brain areas, emotions and memory
limbic system
registers strong emotion
amygdala
processor of memory
hippocampus
produces cortisol, increase stress
hypothalamus
responds to the hypothalamus and sends hormones to the rest of the body
pituitary
the abundance of synaptic connections formed before the age of two
synaptic exuberance
pruning of unecessary or unused brain connections are atrophied and removed, begins at 2
synaptic pruning
failure of normal synaptic pruning, never prune left with a field of synapses that are long and it causes cognitive slowness
fragile -x syndrome
ordinary experiences lead to brain growth
experience expectant
based on our personal experiences - unique to us
experience - dependent
extreme adversity without a buffer alters the way the brain develops
toxic stress
first sense to develop
touch
last sense to develop
vision
can begin a newborn, the more the better
tummy time
large motor skills
gross
small motor skills
fine
5 to 11 months, 8m average
crawls
9 to 16 months, 11m average
stands not holding
5 to 9 months, 7m average
sitting without support
9 to 17 months, 11m and 3 w average
walks
reflective grasp
palmer
palm and finger grasp
ulnar grasp
thumb and index finger grasp
pincer grasp
2 to 7 months, 3m and 3 week
grasp rattle
10 to 19months, 11m 3w average
stacks two blocks
CNS, body movement capacity, environmental support, child’s motivation
Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Development
affects motor development, diagnosis 1-2 years, caused by low oxygen at birth, preterm, genetic predisposition, doesn’t have the body movement capacity for motor movement - cause goes back to CNS
cerebral palsy
muscular disease, decrease muscle tone, muscle weakness, atrophy of the muscle, delayed milestones, caused by genetics
muscular dystrophy
cultural influence on handedness, hand preference, at least 40 genes influence it, environmental link - twin studies
handedness
toddlers weight
7 - 10 lbs a year
toddlers height
4-5 inches per year
state provided service, evaluation of development delays
early intervention
used to evaluate delays and early intervention
Battelle Developmental Inventory
25% delay in two areas, 40% in one area, pre-know developmental condition, down syndrome, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy
qualifications for early intervention
