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child and adolescence > ch. 5 > Flashcards

ch. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

when you run finger along the bottom of foot and toes span out, disapperance around 8 - 12 months, unknown purpose

A

babinski

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2
Q

when the head dips below body while horrizontal –> embracing motion, disappearance around 6 months, purpose infant clings to its mother during fear, reaching for a source of comfort

A

moro reflex

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3
Q

turn the baby’s head to one side while the infant is laying awake on their back –> fencing position, disappears around 4 months, purpose is to prepare infant for voluntary reaching

A

tonic neck

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4
Q

grow spinal cord out to fingers

A

proximodistal trend

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5
Q

head-to-toe-growth

A

cephalocaudal trend

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6
Q

height and weight are not directly proportioned to each other, sudden percentile ranking change, low extremes

A

signs of early growth issues

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7
Q

genotype and environmental impacts affect the trait, examples are height and weight

A

multifactorial traits

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8
Q

what percentage of body weight is lost within the first 3 days after birth

A

7-10%

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9
Q

weight an ounce a day, double in 4 months, triples in a year, height 10 inches a year

A

growth norms

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10
Q

first breast milk, nutritional dense, high in antibodies –> builds the immune system

A

colostrum

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11
Q

breast knows and responds to what they baby needs, provides antibodies in response to the infant’s needs, an infants digestive system can break it down, aids in proper development

A

why breastfeeding is good

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12
Q

a sudden death usually sleep of a healthy baby, low oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels may be the top cause, sudden infant death syndrome

A

SIDS

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13
Q

do whatever they can to protect the brain at all costs before anything else, based in nature, malnourishment

A

head sparing

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14
Q

how many neurons do we have at birth

A

86 billion

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15
Q

transmits electrical impulses –> to dendrites of other celss

A

axon

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16
Q

receive messages from axons of other cells

A

dendrites

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17
Q

chemical messengers

A

neurotransmitters

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18
Q

gap between the dendrites of the cells

A

synaptic cleft

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19
Q

control center of the cell –> sends messages

A

nucleus

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20
Q

different lobes in the brain

A

occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal

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21
Q

sensory and spatial understanding

A

parietal lobe

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22
Q

collection of brain areas, emotions and memory

A

limbic system

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23
Q

registers strong emotion

A

amygdala

24
Q

processor of memory

A

hippocampus

25
Q

produces cortisol, increase stress

A

hypothalamus

26
Q

responds to the hypothalamus and sends hormones to the rest of the body

A

pituitary

27
Q

the abundance of synaptic connections formed before the age of two

A

synaptic exuberance

28
Q

pruning of unecessary or unused brain connections are atrophied and removed, begins at 2

A

synaptic pruning

29
Q

failure of normal synaptic pruning, never prune left with a field of synapses that are long and it causes cognitive slowness

A

fragile -x syndrome

30
Q

ordinary experiences lead to brain growth

A

experience expectant

31
Q

based on our personal experiences - unique to us

A

experience - dependent

32
Q

extreme adversity without a buffer alters the way the brain develops

A

toxic stress

33
Q

first sense to develop

A

touch

34
Q

last sense to develop

A

vision

35
Q

can begin a newborn, the more the better

A

tummy time

36
Q

large motor skills

A

gross

37
Q

small motor skills

A

fine

38
Q

5 to 11 months, 8m average

A

crawls

39
Q

9 to 16 months, 11m average

A

stands not holding

40
Q

5 to 9 months, 7m average

A

sitting without support

41
Q

9 to 17 months, 11m and 3 w average

A

walks

42
Q

reflective grasp

A

palmer

43
Q

palm and finger grasp

A

ulnar grasp

44
Q

thumb and index finger grasp

A

pincer grasp

45
Q

2 to 7 months, 3m and 3 week

A

grasp rattle

46
Q

10 to 19months, 11m 3w average

A

stacks two blocks

47
Q

CNS, body movement capacity, environmental support, child’s motivation

A

Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Development

48
Q

affects motor development, diagnosis 1-2 years, caused by low oxygen at birth, preterm, genetic predisposition, doesn’t have the body movement capacity for motor movement - cause goes back to CNS

A

cerebral palsy

49
Q

muscular disease, decrease muscle tone, muscle weakness, atrophy of the muscle, delayed milestones, caused by genetics

A

muscular dystrophy

50
Q

cultural influence on handedness, hand preference, at least 40 genes influence it, environmental link - twin studies

A

handedness

51
Q

toddlers weight

A

7 - 10 lbs a year

52
Q

toddlers height

A

4-5 inches per year

53
Q

state provided service, evaluation of development delays

A

early intervention

54
Q

used to evaluate delays and early intervention

A

Battelle Developmental Inventory

55
Q

25% delay in two areas, 40% in one area, pre-know developmental condition, down syndrome, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy

A

qualifications for early intervention

child and adolescence (23 decks)

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