ch 3. Flashcards
genetic factors
nature
4 sperm cells and 1 ovum
meiosis
how many chromosomes do ovum and sperm cells have
23 chromosomes
fertilized ovum, 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes
zygote
sperm and ovum, the beginnings
gametes
where are chromosomes located
on the dna in the nucleus of the cell
first 23 pairs of chromosomes
autosomes
XX
female chromosomes
XY
male chromosomes
who controls the biological sex of the baby
males
how man genes in the human body
21,000
how do we form parts of our body
DNA split into RNA transcribed –> mRNA goes into cytoplasm translated into amino acids into protein into parts of the body
variation of a gene
alleles
completely identical pairs, same outcome
homozygous
gene parings don’t match
heterozygous
dominant traits are presented and recessive traits are carried
dominant recessive
both dominant and recessive traits
incomplete
traits linked to the x-chromosomes
x-linked traits
multiple genes contribute to the makeup
polygenic traits
one gene contributes
monogenic traits
factor or trait that is affected by nature and nurture
multifactorial traits
looking at first 22 pairs, emerges in meiosis and results in miscarriage
autosomal abnormalities
1 in 600 births, trisomy 21, mosaic and translocation
down syndrome
extra x chromosomes, sterile, biological development of the penis and testes
klinefelter syndrome
extra y chromosome, males extremely tall, intellectual impairment and langauge skills
jacob’s syndrome
females, intelleectual delays, extra x, menstruation and breast development
triple x syndrome
learning disabilities and difficulty reading facial emotions, missing an x
turner syndrome
inheritance, genetic makeup
genotype
physical appearance
phenotype
one egg that shares indentical DNA, one zygote that splits into two
monozygotic
two different zygotes, two different eggs so different sets of DNA
dizygotic
how much something is due to our genetics or due to our enviornment
hereditability estimates
child is the passive agent
passive gene-environment correlations
child wants to do it and influence their environment through niche picking
active gene-environment correlations
child is pulling response out from environemnt
evocative gene-environment correlations
field of study - nurture on nature
epigenetics
chemical marker places on end of genes that turns on and off genes
methylation
