Ch. 43 Animal Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

sexual reproduction

A

the creation of an offspring by fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) to form a zygote
genetic recombination

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2
Q

fertilization

A

union of sperm and eggs

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3
Q

internal fertilization

A

typically associated with production of flower gametes but the survival of a higher fraction of zygotes

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4
Q

gonads

A

organs that produce gametes

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5
Q

testes

A

the male gonads, or testes, produce sperm in highly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

ducts

A

from the seminiferous tubules of a testis, sperm pass into the coiled duct of the epididymus

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7
Q

during ejaculation

A

sperm are propelled through the mucular vas deferens and the ejaculatory duct and then exit through the urethra

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8
Q

semen

A

sperm and secretion from seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland
2 seminal 70%
prostate 25%
bulbo- pre cum that cleans urethra

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9
Q

gametogenesis

A

production of gametes

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10
Q

spermatogenesis

A

development of sperm is continuous and prolific

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11
Q

oogenesis

A

development of a mature egg, is a prolonged process

immature eggs from the female embryo but do not complete their development until years or decades later

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12
Q

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

secreted by the hypothalamus and directs the release of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (lutenizing hormone) from the interior pituitary

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13
Q

FSH and LH

A

regulate processes in the gonads and the production of sex hormones

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14
Q

menopause

A

after about 500 cycles there is cessation of ovulation

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15
Q

fertilization stage

A

zygote formed

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16
Q

cleavage stage

A

series of mitosis divide the zygote into a many called embryo

17
Q

resulting blastula

A

undergoes rearrangements into a 3 layered embryo called a gastrula

18
Q

cleavage partitions

A

the cytoplasm of one large cell into many smaller cells

19
Q

blastula

A

ball of cells with a fluid filled cavity called a blastocoel

20
Q

gastrulation

A

set of cells at or near the surface of the blastula moves to an interior location, cell layers are established and a primitive digestive tube forms

21
Q

hollow blastula

A

reorganized into a two or three layered embryo called a gastrula