Ch. 42 The Immune System

Question 1

pathogen

Answer 1

organism/ virus, that causes disease

Question 2

host

Answer 2

organism invaded by pathogen

Question 3

antigens

Answer 3

substances that can ellicit a response from a B and T cell

Question 4

epitope

Answer 4

the small accessible part of an antigen that binds to an antigen receptor

Question 5

T cells

Answer 5

lymphocytes that migrate and mature in the thymus

bind to antigen fragments presented on an antigen presenting cell

Question 6

B cell

Answer 6

lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow

Question 7

antigen receptor

Answer 7

part of a B or T cell that binds to the antigen

Question 8

antibody

Answer 8

a protein secreted by plasma cells that bind to a particular antigen
secreted by B cells

Question 9

APC

Answer 9

antigen presenting cell, immune that engulfs the pathogen and break it down

Question 10

MHC

Answer 10

major histocompatibility complex,

molecules are host proteins within the APC that display the antigen fragments on the cell surface

Question 11

active immunity

Answer 11

occurs naturally when a pathogen infects the body

antigens intro through vaccines

Question 12

passive immunity

Answer 12

immediate, short term protection (nursing baby)

Question 13

innate immunity response

Answer 13

found in all animals and plants

recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of pathogens

Question 14

phagocytic cells in mammals

Answer 14

neutrophils

macrophages

Question 15

neutrophils

Answer 15

circulate in the blood and are attracted by signals from infected tissues

Question 16

macrophages

Answer 16

found throughout the body

Question 17

interferons

Answer 17

provide innate defense interfering with viruses and helping activate macrophages

Question 18

adaptive immune response

Answer 18

receptors provide pathogen specific recognition

relies on two types of lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Question 19

lymphocytes migrate and mature in thymus above the heart and are called

Answer 19

T cells (cell mediated immunity)

Question 20

B cells (humoral/ blood immunity) found in

Answer 20

bone marrow

Question 21

once activated, B and T cells

Answer 21

undergo multiple cell divisions to produce a clone of identical cells (clonal selection)

Question 22

types of clones produced

Answer 22

short lived- activated effector cells that act immediately against the antigen

long lived- memory cells that can give rise to effector cells, if the same antigen is encountered again

Question 23

immunological memory

Answer 23

first response to a specific antigen represents the primary immune response
during this time B and T cells give rise to their effector forms

Question 24

in the secondary immune response

Answer 24

memory cells facillitate a faster, stronger and longer response

Question 25

antibodies do not kill pathogens, they mark them for destruction

Answer 25

B cells trigger themselves

Helper T cells trigger B and cytotoxic T cells