Ch. 30 Plant Structure and Growth

Question 1

monocots vs eudicots

Answer 1

leaf venation: veins parallel vs. netlike

stems: vascular tissue scattered vs. arranged in rings
roots: fiberous vs. taproot
pollen: one opening vs. 3
flowers: multiples of 3 vs. multiples of 4 or 5 (petals)

Question 2

each plant organ has

Answer 2

dermal (outside), vascular ( xylem/phloem) and ground tissues

Question 3

in woody plants, protective tissues called

Answer 3

periderm replace epidermis in older regions of stems and roots

Question 4

leaves and most stems have waxy coating

Answer 4

called the cuticle that helps prevent water loss from the epidermis

Question 5

tissues that are neither dermal or vascular are

Answer 5

ground tissue systems

Question 6

stem

Answer 6

alternating system of nodes, points where leaves are attached

Question 7

internodes

Answer 7

stem segments between nodes

Question 8

apical bud

Answer 8

located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot

Question 9

axillary bud

Answer 9

located at the upper angle formed by leaf and stem and has potential

Question 10

meristems generate new cells for growth and control the developmental phases and life spans of plants

Answer 10

are undifferentiated tissue

Question 11

two types of meristems

Answer 11

primary and secondary growth

Question 12

apical meristems

Answer 12

longer/taller

located at tips of roots and shoots and at the axillary buds of shoots

Question 13

lateral meristems

Answer 13

add thickness to woody plants, secondary growth

vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 14

vascular cambium

Answer 14

adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem

Question 15

cork cambium

Answer 15

replaces epidermis with periderm which is thicker and tougher

Question 16

in eudicots vascular tissue

Answer 16

consists of vascular bundles arranged in a ring

Question 17

in monocot stems

Answer 17

vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue rather than forming a ring

Question 18

secondary growth

Answer 18

characteristic of gymnosperms and many eudicots but not monocots

Question 19

cambium

Answer 19

primary then secondary

secondary phloem and secondary xylem

Question 20

vascular cambium

Answer 20

cylinder of meristematic cells (initial/ stem cells) one cell layer thick
    c
    c
 x c p
xxcpp

Question 21

initials increase vascular cambium circumference

Answer 21

add secondary xylem to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside

Question 22

cork cambium gives rise to

Answer 22

cork cells that accumulate to the exterior of the cork cambium

Question 23

periderm consists of

Answer 23

cork cambium and the cork cells it produces

Question 24

bark consists of

Answer 24

all tissues external to the vascular cambium, including secondary phloem and periderm

Question 25

xylem sop

Answer 25

water and dissolved minerals is transported from roots to leaves by bulk flow

Question 26

transport of xylem sap involves

Answer 26

transpiration the loss of water vapor from a plant’s surface

Question 27

pulling xylem sap: the cohesion-tension hypothesis

Answer 27

according to the cohesion-tension hypothesis , transpiration and water cohesion pull water from roots to shoots