Ch. 30 Plant Structure and Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

monocots vs eudicots

A

leaf venation: veins parallel vs. netlike

stems: vascular tissue scattered vs. arranged in rings
roots: fiberous vs. taproot
pollen: one opening vs. 3
flowers: multiples of 3 vs. multiples of 4 or 5 (petals)

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2
Q

each plant organ has

A

dermal (outside), vascular ( xylem/phloem) and ground tissues

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3
Q

in woody plants, protective tissues called

A

periderm replace epidermis in older regions of stems and roots

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4
Q

leaves and most stems have waxy coating

A

called the cuticle that helps prevent water loss from the epidermis

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5
Q

tissues that are neither dermal or vascular are

A

ground tissue systems

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6
Q

stem

A

alternating system of nodes, points where leaves are attached

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7
Q

internodes

A

stem segments between nodes

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8
Q

apical bud

A

located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot

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9
Q

axillary bud

A

located at the upper angle formed by leaf and stem and has potential

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10
Q

meristems generate new cells for growth and control the developmental phases and life spans of plants

A

are undifferentiated tissue

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11
Q

two types of meristems

A

primary and secondary growth

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12
Q

apical meristems

A

longer/taller

located at tips of roots and shoots and at the axillary buds of shoots

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13
Q

lateral meristems

A

add thickness to woody plants, secondary growth

vascular cambium and cork cambium

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14
Q

vascular cambium

A

adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem

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15
Q

cork cambium

A

replaces epidermis with periderm which is thicker and tougher

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16
Q

in eudicots vascular tissue

A

consists of vascular bundles arranged in a ring

17
Q

in monocot stems

A

vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue rather than forming a ring

18
Q

secondary growth

A

characteristic of gymnosperms and many eudicots but not monocots

19
Q

cambium

A

primary then secondary

secondary phloem and secondary xylem

20
Q

vascular cambium

A
cylinder of meristematic cells (initial/ stem cells) one cell layer thick
    c
    c
 x c p
xxcpp
21
Q

initials increase vascular cambium circumference

A

add secondary xylem to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside

22
Q

cork cambium gives rise to

A

cork cells that accumulate to the exterior of the cork cambium

23
Q

periderm consists of

A

cork cambium and the cork cells it produces

24
Q

bark consists of

A

all tissues external to the vascular cambium, including secondary phloem and periderm

25
Q

xylem sop

A

water and dissolved minerals is transported from roots to leaves by bulk flow

26
Q

transport of xylem sap involves

A

transpiration the loss of water vapor from a plant’s surface

27
Q

pulling xylem sap: the cohesion-tension hypothesis

A

according to the cohesion-tension hypothesis , transpiration and water cohesion pull water from roots to shoots