CH 42 WB EX 1,2,4 Flashcards
structure or tissue next to or near another related structure; the ovaries and the fallopian tubes are in the adnexa of the uterus
adnexa
tipped forward
anteverted
small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus
arcuate vessels
any projection like a horn; refers to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tube arises
cornu, cornua
refers to a horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior
coronal plane
inner lining of the uterine cavity, which appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound, depending on the menstrual cycle
endometrium
inner surface of the cervical os
internal os
an opening or entrance into a canal or cavity, as the vagina
introitus
state after reaching puberty in which menses occur normally every 21 to 28 days
menarche
when menses have ceased permanently
menopause
days 1 to 4 of the menstrual cycle; the endometrial canal appears as a hypoechoic central line representing blood and tissue
menstruation
middle layer of the uterine cavity that appears very homogeneous with sonography
myometrium
pregnancy
parity
Doppler measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak
Pourcelot resistive index (RI)
time before the onset of menses
premenarche
days 5 to 9 of the menstrual cycle; endometrium appears as a single thin stripe with a hypoechoic halo encompassing it; creates the “three-line sign”
proliferative phase (early)
days 10 to 14 of the menstrual cycle; ovulation occurs; the endometrium increases in thickness and echogenicity
proliferative phase (late)
Doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean
pulsatility index (PI)
bending backward
retroverted
a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the body that divides it into two portions
sagittal plane
difference between peak systole and end diastole
S/D ratio
days 15 to 28 of the menstrual cycle; the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement
secretory (luteal) phase
(saline infused sonography, or SIS) technique that uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity, with the insertion of saline solution or contrast medium, to fill the endometrial cavity for the purpose of demonstrating abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tubes
sonohysterography
across, or through, the labia
translabial
across, or through, the perineum
transperineal
The full bladder ________ the bowel and its contained gas from the field of view and _______ the anteflexed uterus slightly so that it is more perpendicular to the transducer angle.
displaces, flattens
The bladder shape may be helpful because a well-distended bladder typically has a ________ or elongated shape on midline scans.
triangular
The ____ vessels can be used as a landmark to identify the lateral adnexal borders.
iliac
If pathology is present, documentation of the _______ (Morison’s pouch and subphrenic area) and bilateral ______ areas must be obtained.
RUQ, renal
In transvaginal scanning, it is necessary to advance the transducer slightly, angling _______ to visualize the fundus, and to withdraw slightly, away from the external os, while angling ______ to see the cervix and the rectouterine recess.
anterior, posterior
These measurements of the uterus and ovaries should documented: ________, __________, _________.
length, width, axial
The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in the ________ plane.
sagittal
Pelvic muscles may be mistaken for ovaries, fluid collections, or masses. A _______ bilateral arrangement indicates that they are muscles.
symmetrical
Sonographically, sections of the _________ muscle are seen at the posterior lateral corners of the bladder at the level of the vagina and cervix.
obturater internus
The muscle that is best visualized sonographically in a transverse plane with caudal angulation at the most inferior aspect of the bladder is the _________ muscle.
levator ani
The muscle that are located on either side of the midline posterior to the upper half of the uterine body and fundus are the ________ muscles.
piriformis
To assess the uterine vessels, the sonographer interrogates just ______ to the cervix and lower uterine segment at the level of the internal os.
lateral
A _______ , highly resistive flow pattern in the ovary is shown during the follicular phase of the menstural cycle
low-velocity
At ovulation, the maximum velocity increases and the RI ______
decreases
The middle uterine layer is the ________ of the uterus; this layer should have a homogeneous ecotexture with smooth-walled borders.
myometrium
The ________ of the uterus is hypoechoic and surrounds the relatively echogenic endometrial stripe, creating a subendometrial halo.
endometrium
calcifications may be seen in the _______ arcuate arteries in postmenopausal women and appear as peripheral linear echos with shadowing.
arcuate
The body of the uterus is separated from the cervix by the isthmus at the level of the ________ and is identified by narrowing of the canal.
internal os
The axis of the uterine body relative to the cervix is referred to as the ______, whereas________ refers to the axis of the cervix relative to the vagina.
flexion, version
The best way to measure the cervical-fundal dimension of the uterus in the longitudinal plane is the ________ technique.
transabdominal
During menstruation (days 1 -4), the ________ canal appears as a hypoechoic central line representing blood and tissue reaching 4 to 8 mm, including the basal layer in this measurement.
endometrial
As menses progress (day 3 to 7), the hypoechoic echo that represented blood disappears, and the endometrial stripe is a discrete thin _______ line that is usually only 2 to 3 mm long.
hyperechoic
In the early proliferative phase (days 5 to 9), the endometrial canal appears as a ________ stripe.
single thin
The layer that is seen as a hyperechoic halo encompassing the stripe is the ________ layer
functionalis
The layer of the endometrium that represents the thin surrounding hyperechoic outermost echo is the ______ layer.
basalis
During the _______ (luteal) phase (days 15 to 28), the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement.
secretory
Sonographically, the postmenopausal endometiral complex is seen as a thin _______ line measuring less than 8mm, unless a hormone regimen is being followed.
echogenic
If the tunes are distended with or surrounded by a sufficient amount of _____, they can be easily outlined by the contrasting fluid.
fluid
Typically, the ovary is located just _____ to the uterus and ________ to the internal iliac vessels, which can be used as a landmark to localize the ovary.
lateral, anteromedial
The best sonographic marker for the ovary is identification of a _________ , which has the classic appearance of being think walled and anechoic with through-transmission posteriorly.
follicular cyst
The posterior cul-de-sac, or _________, is the most posterior and inferior reflection of the peritoneal cavity. It is located between the rectum and the vagina and is known as the pouch of douglas.
rectouterine recess
___________ involves the instillation of sterile saline solution into the endometrial cavity.
sonohysterography
