Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR109 Fundamentals > CH 42 Electrolyte/ Acid base > Flashcards

CH 42 Electrolyte/ Acid base Flashcards

1
Q

What fraction of total body fluid is intracellular/ extracellular fluid?

A

Intracellular fluid - 2/3 of body water

Extracellular fluid - 1/3 of body water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Interstitial fluids

A

the fluids between cells and outside the blood vessels. These include lymph (fluid in the lymphatic channels).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 divisions of interstitial fluids?

A

Interstitial
Intravascular
Transcellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

blood plasma found in the vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transcellular fluids

A

secreted by epithelial cells and include cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and synovial fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osmolality

A

Osmolality of a fluid is a measure of the number of particles per kilogram of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Isotonic solutions

A

have the same osmolarity as blood, similar to normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A hypertonic solution such as 3% sodium pulls fluid from or moves fluid into cells?

A

pulls fluid from cells, causing them to shrink.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A hypotonic solution such as 0.45% sodium chloride pulls fluid from or moves fluid into cells?

A

moves fluids into cells, causing them to enlarge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nonpermeant particles

A

Particles that cannot cross cell membranes easily that determine the tonicity of a fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Filtration

A

Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher pressure to lower pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diffusion

A

passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down the concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

continually monitor plasma osmolality; when it increases, they cause thirst by stimulating neurons in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Insensible water loss

A

through the skin and the lungs - not visible measurable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

regulate ECF volume by influencing how much sodium AND water is excreted in urine

A

ADH

RAAS (Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

ANP (Atrial Natiuretic Peptide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

About what should daily fluid intake be?

A

2300 mL/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

7.35 - 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metabolic Acids

A

any acids besides carbonic acid - citric acid, lactic acid

19
Q

True or False? People who have kidney disease often have difficulty with normal excretion of metabolic acids.

A

true

20
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Arises from alveolar hyperventilation

Lungs excrete too much CO2

Deficit of carbonic acid in the blood increases pH

21
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Arises from alveolar hypoventilation

Lungs unable to excrete enough CO2

Excess carbonic acid in the blood decreases pH.

22
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

Arises from direct increase in base (bicarbonate) or decrease in metabolic acid

Results in increased blood bicarbonate

23
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Arises from increase in metabolic acid or decrease in base (bicarbonate)

Kidneys unable to excrete enough metabolic acids, which accumulate in the blood

Results in decreased level of consciousness

24
Q

D5W

A

5% dextrose in water is hypotonic so it moves fluid into the cells out of the circulation

25
Q

D5NS

A

5% dextrose in normal saline. Is hypertonic so it moves fluid out of the cells and into the circulation.

26
Q

Why do you initiate a blood transfusion slowly and stay with the patient for the first 15 minutes?

A

To watch for transfusion reactions and catch them early

27
Q

sodium

A

regulates water in and out of cell, muscle and nerve function

135-145 mEq/L

28
Q

hyponatremia

A

Lethargy
Tendon reflexes diminished
Shallow respirations

29
Q

hypernatremia

A

Restless, really agitated

Edema

30
Q

Potassium

A

Watch heart

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

31
Q

hypokalemia

A

Caused by extreme fluid loss/diuretics

flat or inverted T wave
prominent U wave

Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias

may be sign of digoxin toxicity

32
Q

furosemide/ thiazide diuretics

A

waste potassium

33
Q 
P
O
T
A
S
S
I
U
M
A 
Potatoes
Oranges
Tomatoes
Avocados
Strawberries
Spinach
fIsh
mUshrooms
Musk melons, cantaloupe
34
Q

hyperkalemia

A

Spironolactone
K sparing diuretics
ACE inhibitors
renal failure

Decreased cardiac contractility

Tall peaked T waves
widened QRS and prolonged PR

35
Q

calcium

A

8.6-10.5 mg/dL

36
Q

hypocalcemia

A

low parathyroid hormone

Laryngospasm
Trousseaus signs - hand
Chvosteks signs - face

37
Q 
young 
sally’s 
calcium 
serum 
continues 
to 
randomly 
mess-up
A 
Yogurt
Sardines
Cheese
Spinach
Collard greens
Tofu
Rhubarb
Milk
38
Q

hypercalcemia

A

increase risk for kidney stones

39
Q

Magnesium

A

1.5-2.5 mg/dL

supplement with during pregnancy

40
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

hypocalcemia

twitching
everything is hyperexcitable
seizure precautions

41
Q

hypermagnesemia

A

lethargy
bradycardia
impaired breathing

monitor respiratory, cardiac, renal, neuro

42
Q

Phosphorus

A

Calcium and phosphorus inversely related

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

43
Q

hypophosphatemia

A

alcoholism
malnutrition

rhabdo
risk of bone fractures

44
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

main cause is renal failure

Trousseau/Chvostek signs
seizures
confusion

NUR109 Fundamentals (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions