CH 29 Vital Signs

Question 1

What are the 5 main vital signs and which other vital sign is commonly measured along with those?

Answer 1

Temp
RR
Pulse
BP
Pain

O2 saturation

Question 2

Why is it important to evaluate vital signs right away upon admission?

Answer 2

It provides a baseline for the patient

Question 3

What is AIDET?

Answer 3

Acknowledge
Introduce
Duration
Explanation
Thank you

Question 4

What should we be sure of before bringing vital sign measurement equipment into the patients room?

Answer 4

The equipment is functioning properly and it is the right size

Question 5

What are the 4 non-invasive places to measure temperature?

Answer 5

Oral, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery

Question 6

What is an acceptable temperature range? (Celsius and Fahrenheit)

Answer 6

98.6° F to 100.4° F

36° C to 38° C

Question 7

What are the 3 invasive ways to take temperature?

Answer 7

rectal, esophageal, pulmonary

Question 8

What part of the brain regulates temperature?

Answer 8

the hypothalamus

Question 9

Between the anterior and posterior hypothalamus which regulates heat loss and which regulates heat production?

Answer 9

Anterior - heat loss

Posterior - heat production

Question 10

Radiation

Answer 10

Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another without direct contact

Question 11

Conduction

Answer 11

transfer of heat from one object to another through direct contact
ex. ice pack/ warm blanket

Question 12

Convection

Answer 12

Transfer of heat by air movement

ex. a fan

Question 13

Evaporation

Answer 13

Transfer of heat when a liquid evaporates

ex. sweating

Question 14

What is the word for sweating profusely?

Answer 14

Diaphoresis

Question 15

Pyrexia

Answer 15

febrile/fever

above 38° C or 100.4° F

Question 16

Afebrile

Answer 16

absence of fever

Question 17

Hyperthermia

Answer 17

Higher temperature resulting from the body’s inability to promote heat loss of limit heat production

Question 18

Malignant Hyperthermia

Answer 18

a hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when certain people receive certain anesthetic drugs

Question 19

Sustained Fever

Answer 19

constant fever - stays above normal range

Question 20

Intermittent Fever

Answer 20

fever spikes intermittently with usual temperature levels

Question 21

Remittent Fever

Answer 21

fever spikes and falls without a return to normal temperature levels

Question 22

Relapsing

Answer 22

periods of febrile episodes and periods with acceptable temperature values

Question 23

Rectal temperatures are …

Answer 23

usually a half a degree to a degree higher than oral temperatures

Question 24

Axillary temperatures are…

Answer 24

usually half a degree to a degree lower than oral temperature

Question 25

Cardiac Output

Answer 25

The volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute | HR x SV

Question 26

Where can we find the apical heart rate?

Answer 26

Mid-clavicle, left side, 5th ICS

Question 27

Where can we assess pulse? (9 places)

Answer 27

``` Carotid Temporal Brachial Radial Ulnar Femoral Popliteal Posterior Tibial Dorsalis Pedis ```

Question 28

What are the different pulse strengths?

Answer 28

``` 0 No pulse 1+ Very fine 2+ Normal pulse 3+ Stronger 4+ Bounding ```

Question 29

Bradycardia

Answer 29

Less that 60 BPM

Question 30

Tachycardia

Answer 30

More than 100 BPM

Question 31

Pulse Deficit

Answer 31

The difference between radial and apical pulse

Question 32

Can an irregular heart rhythm be regular or irregular?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Ventilation

Answer 33

the movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 34

Diffusion

Answer 34

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells

Question 35

Perfusion

Answer 35

distribution of the red blood cells that are carrying oxygen to the tissues capillary refill

Question 36

Hypoxemia

Answer 36

Low blood level of oxygen

Question 37

Hypoxia

Answer 37

Low tissue level of oxygen

Question 38

Eupnea

Answer 38

ventilation of normal rate and depth

Question 39

What is about normal tidal volume?

Answer 39

500 mL

Question 40

What nerve sends signals for diaphragm to contract, initiating inhalation?

Answer 40

The phrenic nerve

Question 41

What things should we take note of when assessing respiration?

Answer 41

``` Rate Depth Regular/irregular Diffusion/perfusion (capillary refill, arterial blood gas) SpO2 (pulse oximeter) ```

Question 42

SaO2

Answer 42

the percentage of how much hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen should be between 95-100%

Question 43

Why is the oxygen saturation of venous blood lower? (SvO2)

Answer 43

The tissues have already removed oxygen from the blood

Question 44

Bradypnea

Answer 44

RR below 12

Question 45

Tachypnea

Answer 45

RR above 20

Question 46

Kussmaul

Answer 46

A very deep, repetitive, gasping respiratory pattern

Question 47

Kussmaul

Answer 47

A very deep, repetitive, gasping respiratory pattern

Question 48

Kussmaul

Answer 48

A very deep, repetitive, gasping respiratory pattern

Question 49

What is the standard unit for measuring BP?

Answer 49

mmHg

Question 50

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 50

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 51

What affects peripheral resistance?

Answer 51

tone of the vasculature and diameter of blood vessels

Question 52

What 5 things (inside the body) affect blood pressure?

Answer 52

``` cardiac output peripheral resistance blood volume blood viscosity elasticity ```

Question 53

Hypertension

Answer 53

over systolic 140 or diastolic 90

Question 54

Hypotension

Answer 54

less than systolic 90

Question 55

Bradycardia

Answer 55

Less than 60 BPM

Question 56

Tachycardia

Answer 56

Above 100 BPM