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NUR109 Fundamentals > CH 29 Vital Signs > Flashcards

CH 29 Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main vital signs and which other vital sign is commonly measured along with those?

A 
Temp
RR
Pulse
BP
Pain

O2 saturation

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2
Q

Why is it important to evaluate vital signs right away upon admission?

A

It provides a baseline for the patient

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3
Q

What is AIDET?

A 
Acknowledge
Introduce
Duration
Explanation
Thank you
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4
Q

What should we be sure of before bringing vital sign measurement equipment into the patients room?

A

The equipment is functioning properly and it is the right size

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5
Q

What are the 4 non-invasive places to measure temperature?

A

Oral, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery

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6
Q

What is an acceptable temperature range? (Celsius and Fahrenheit)

A

98.6° F to 100.4° F

36° C to 38° C

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7
Q

What are the 3 invasive ways to take temperature?

A

rectal, esophageal, pulmonary

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8
Q

What part of the brain regulates temperature?

A

the hypothalamus

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9
Q

Between the anterior and posterior hypothalamus which regulates heat loss and which regulates heat production?

A

Anterior - heat loss

Posterior - heat production

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10
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another without direct contact

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11
Q

Conduction

A

transfer of heat from one object to another through direct contact
ex. ice pack/ warm blanket

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12
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat by air movement

ex. a fan

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13
Q

Evaporation

A

Transfer of heat when a liquid evaporates

ex. sweating

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14
Q

What is the word for sweating profusely?

A

Diaphoresis

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15
Q

Pyrexia

A

febrile/fever

above 38° C or 100.4° F

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16
Q

Afebrile

A

absence of fever

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17
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Higher temperature resulting from the body’s inability to promote heat loss of limit heat production

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18
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A

a hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when certain people receive certain anesthetic drugs

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19
Q

Sustained Fever

A

constant fever - stays above normal range

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20
Q

Intermittent Fever

A

fever spikes intermittently with usual temperature levels

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21
Q

Remittent Fever

A

fever spikes and falls without a return to normal temperature levels

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22
Q

Relapsing

A

periods of febrile episodes and periods with acceptable temperature values

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23
Q

Rectal temperatures are …

A

usually a half a degree to a degree higher than oral temperatures

24
Q

Axillary temperatures are…

A

usually half a degree to a degree lower than oral temperature

25
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute

HR x SV

26
Q

Where can we find the apical heart rate?

A

Mid-clavicle, left side, 5th ICS

27
Q

Where can we assess pulse? (9 places)

A 
Carotid
Temporal
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior Tibial
Dorsalis Pedis
28
Q

What are the different pulse strengths?

A 
0 No pulse
1+ Very fine
2+ Normal pulse
3+ Stronger
4+ Bounding
29
Q

Bradycardia

A

Less that 60 BPM

30
Q

Tachycardia

A

More than 100 BPM

31
Q

Pulse Deficit

A

The difference between radial and apical pulse

32
Q

Can an irregular heart rhythm be regular or irregular?

A

Yes

33
Q

Ventilation

A

the movement of air in and out of the lungs

34
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells

35
Q

Perfusion

A

distribution of the red blood cells that are carrying oxygen to the tissues

capillary refill

36
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low blood level of oxygen

37
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low tissue level of oxygen

38
Q

Eupnea

A

ventilation of normal rate and depth

39
Q

What is about normal tidal volume?

A

500 mL

40
Q

What nerve sends signals for diaphragm to contract, initiating inhalation?

A

The phrenic nerve

41
Q

What things should we take note of when assessing respiration?

A 
Rate
Depth
Regular/irregular
Diffusion/perfusion (capillary refill, arterial blood gas)
SpO2 (pulse oximeter)
42
Q

SaO2

A

the percentage of how much hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen
should be between 95-100%

43
Q

Why is the oxygen saturation of venous blood lower? (SvO2)

A

The tissues have already removed oxygen from the blood

44
Q

Bradypnea

A

RR below 12

45
Q

Tachypnea

A

RR above 20

46
Q

Kussmaul

A

A very deep, repetitive, gasping respiratory pattern

47
Q

Kussmaul

A

A very deep, repetitive, gasping respiratory pattern

48
Q

Kussmaul

A

A very deep, repetitive, gasping respiratory pattern

49
Q

What is the standard unit for measuring BP?

A

mmHg

50
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

51
Q

What affects peripheral resistance?

A

tone of the vasculature and diameter of blood vessels

52
Q

What 5 things (inside the body) affect blood pressure?

A 
cardiac output
peripheral resistance
blood volume
blood viscosity
elasticity
53
Q

Hypertension

A

over systolic 140 or diastolic 90

54
Q

Hypotension

A

less than systolic 90

55
Q

Bradycardia

A

Less than 60 BPM

56
Q

Tachycardia

A

Above 100 BPM

NUR109 Fundamentals (18 decks)

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