Ch 41 Oxygenation

Question 1

What is Atelectasis?

Answer 1

Collapse of the alveoli that prevents the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide​
“Collapsed lung”

Question 2

What does compliance mean, in relation to the lungs?

Answer 2

ability of the lungs to distend or expand in response to increased intra-alveolar pressure.​

Question 3

What’s the difference between tidal volume, residual volume, and forced vital capacity?

Answer 3

tidal volume is the amount of air exhaled following a normal inspiration ​

residual volume is the amount of air left in the alveoli after a full expiration​

forced vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced expiration​

Question 4

What physiological factors affect oxygenation?

Answer 4

Blood- is there enough of it (hypovolemia) and can it carry oxygen (anemia)

Oxygen present in the air being breathed, or are you rebreathing CO2 because your breathe toobs are obstructed

Increased metabolic rate​

Conditions affecting chest wall movement​- these can be structural or neurological, but if the breathing parts don’t move you won’t get oxygenated

Youngster vs older adult​

Nutrition, Hydration, Exercise, Smoking, Substance Abuse, Stress​

Environmental (Pollution)​

Question 5

What is the difference between hypoventilation and hyperventalation?

Answer 5

Hypoventilation​
Alveolar ventilation inadequate to meet the body’s oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide​

Hyperventilation​
Ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism​

Question 6

Hypoxia is what?

Answer 6

Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level​

Cyanosis:​ blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; ​a late sign of hypoxia ​

Question 7

What are common nursing interventions for poor oxygenation?

Answer 7

Use water -hydration, humidification

Use oxygen/meds to manage dyspnea - nebulizer, supplemental O2

Use airway maintenance​ - suctioning, anything that keeps airways unobstructed like head tilt, jaw thrust

Use mobilization of secretions - Coughing and deep-breathing techniques​, Chest physiotherapy​

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Question 8

What can be done to maintain and promote lung expansion in acute care?

Answer 8

Ambulation​

Positioning​ - Reduces pulmonary stasis, maintains ventilation and oxygenation​

Incentive spirometry​ - Encourages voluntary deep breathing & prevents atelectasis ​

Noninvasive ventilation​ - Maintains positive airway pressure and improves alveolar ventilation​

Question 9

What are the basic aspects of O2 tank safety?

Answer 9

1) Do you have a prescription?
2) Have you made sure nothing is going to set it off (electrical sparks, flames within 10 ft), and are there smoke detectors in case it does?
3) Is the tank secured so it can’t become a missile?
4) Is there enough O2 and enough tubing?
5) Is everyone aware it’s in use? (door sign, power, phone, and local fire departments )

Question 10

Can you fill in the chart on low flow oxygen delivery devices?

Answer 10

Question 11

Can you fill in the chart on high flow oxygen delivery devices?

Answer 11

Question 12

How can you remember the FiO2 for canulas, masks, and partial/nonrebreathers

Answer 12

Nasal- Nanananana - 24-44 looks pointy like an N
Face masks - Five - 35-55
Partial/Nonrebreather - they’re for Sickos - 60-90

Question 13

Does the bag on a nonrebreather mask need to be inflated or flat?

Answer 13

Inflated with oxygen

Question 14

What is hemoptysis?

Answer 14

Bloody sputum