Ch 38 Activity and Exercise Flashcards
What is the difference between concentric and eccentric tension?
The bicep on the left is in an isotonic action that results in shortened muscles, so that means the tension is concentric.
The bicep on the right is in an isotonic action but is lengthening as it controls the speed and direction of the movement, meaning the tension is eccentric.
When is the body aligned?
When an individual’s center of gravity is stable.
If a patient’s center of gravity is displaced, do they have balance control?
True/False
A patient needs balance control both to stand still and to move.
No
True
Integration between what two organ systems enables Coordinated Body Movement?
Musculoskeletal and Nervous systems
What are some examples of Resistive Isometric Exercises, & why are they useful in clinical settings? What are drawbacks?
Planks, wall sits, glute bridge
They don’t require joints to move, they don’t require equipment, they don’t cause muscle damage, they do increase endurance.
The lack of muscle damage means they do not cause hypertrophy.
What are the 8 facets of a Safe Patient Handling & Mobility (SPHM) program?
Standard assessment tools for identifying patient’s mobility level
Ergonomics assessment protocol
Patient assessment criteria
Algorithms for patient handling and movement
Special equipment –right equipment for situation
Back injury resource nurses
After-action reviews/safety huddles, keep staff safe
Minimal-lift policy
What are six factors influencing activity and exercise?
- Stage of development
*Patient Behavior
*Lifestyle
*Cultural Background
*Environmental issues
- Family and social support
If muscles fire at all, there are one of two results. One results in no movement or change in muscle length and is an _________ action, one does result in movement and change in muscle length and is an ________ action.
Isometric - from iso meaning “Same” and “Metric” meaning measure. The muscle fires but keeps the same measure- doesn’t move.
Isotonic - “Tonic” means tension, the muscle fires and the length changes, but the tension of the muscle doesn’t.
What are the principles of body mechanics?
*Maintaining a stable center of gravity (keep the center of gravity low)
*Maintaining a wide base of support
*Maintaining a line of gravity (if you draw a vertical line through the center of gravity, it stays within the base of support)
*Maintaining proper body alignment (the most stress is on body parts designed for that, not the back)
How do you go about assisting a patient to walk?
1) Assess patient’s ability
2) Assess environment
3) Sit patient up on side of bed and let things settle so they don’t DFO
4) Use gait belt or otherwise ensure center of gravity remains midline
5) If they DFO, you assist the fall
When a patient uses a cane, the cane goes on the (weaker/stronger) side and the nurse goes on the (weaker/stronger) side.
stronger
weaker
Can a patient use a walker on the stairs?
Oh hells naw
How do you walk with a cane?
Cane is on the stronger side.
Weight is on both feet while cane goes forward.
Weight is on cane and strong leg while weaker leg moves forward.
Weight is on weaker leg and cane while stonger leg moves forward.
What are the three skills a person using crutches needs?
How to use a proper gait
How to go up and down stairs
How to rise from sitting
True / False
The weight of a person using crutches is supported on their armpits.
False. Supporting your entire weight on your armpits can result in nerve damage.
When going up stairs on crutches, lead with the (stronger/weaker) leg.
When going down stairs on crutches, lead with the (stronger/weaker) leg.
Stronger
Weaker
A three point crutch gait looks like
Strong foot supports weight while crutches are moved, Crutches support weight while foot is moved.
A two point crutch gait looks like
Each foot bears weight with the crutch on the opposite side
A four point crutch gait looks like
Weight alternates sides and feet/crutches:
Left foot, left crutch, right foot, right crutch.
At what weight do you use assistive devices to lift patient?
35 lbs
What side of the bed do you stand on the lift a patient?
Do you raise bedrails?
The patient’s unaffected side
Raise bedrails on opposite side of bed
Three tips for moving the patient up in bed are:
1) Use 2+ people and a lift sheet or slide board so there is no sheering on the flesh when you set them down. Lift, not scoot.
2) The patient crosses arms over chest so there aren’t dangly bits
3) Easier on flat or Trendelenburg bed
When transferring patient between chair and bed, when do you use 1 helper vs two?
If the patient can partially bear weight, belt +1 helper
If they can’t, lift + 2 helpers
