Ch. 40 (Oxygenation & Perfusion)

Question 1

What is the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs?

Answer 1

ventillation

Question 2

What is the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 2

perfusion

Question 3

What is the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries?

Answer 3

diffusion

Question 4

What are characteristics of respiratory rates in infants?

Answer 4

• rapid
• primarily abdominal

40-60 rpm

Question 5

Cyanosis is a result of?

Answer 5

lack of oxygen perfusion

Question 6

Pulse oximetry is less accurate on what population?

Answer 6

black pts

Question 7

What is elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the blood?

Answer 7

hypercarbia

seen in copd and sleep apnea pts

Question 8

What kind of intermittent lung sound occurs when air moves through airways that contain fluid?

Answer 8

crackles

fine, high-pitched crackling

Question 9

What kind of continuous lung sound occurs on expiration adn sometimes on inspiration as air passes through airways constricted by swelling, secretions or tumors?

Answer 9

wheezes

common in asthma

Question 10

What is inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells?

Answer 10

hypoxia

Question 11

What is defined as dificulty breathing (SOB)?

Answer 11

dyspnea

Question 12

What condition is defined as a decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs?

Answer 12

hypoventilation

Question 13

What condition is defined as ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism?

Answer 13

hyperventilation

Question 14

What condition is characterized as alveoli in the lungs collasping?

Answer 14

atelectasis

Question 15

What condition is characterized as pathogens that have grown in the lungs due to the alveoli being full of fluid?

Answer 15

pneumonia

Question 16

What condition is characterized as having too much fluid in the lungs?

Answer 16

pulmonary edema

Question 17

What happens to alveoli in patients of COPD?

Answer 17

• alveoli sacs lose elasticity/destroyed
• sacs dont as well & CO2 becomes trapped

Question 18

What acronym is used to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and pneumonia?

Answer 18

• Incentive spirometry
• Coughing & deep breathing
• Oral care
• Understanding
• Getting out of bed 3x daily
• Head of bed elevation

Question 19

What kind of administered inhaled medication helps open narrowed airways?

Answer 19

bronchodilators

e.g. inhaler or nebulizer

Question 20

What kind of administered inhaled medication disperses fine particles of liquid medication into the deeper passages of the respiratory tract?

Answer 20

nebulizers

Question 21

What kind of administered inhaled medication delivers a controlled dose of medication with each compression of the canister?

Answer 21

meter-dose inhalers

Question 22

What kind of administered inhaled medication is breath-activated?

Answer 22

dry powder inhalers

Question 23

What are the two important things to consider when delivering supplemental oxygen to your patient?

Answer 23

• oxygen flow rate
• FiO2 (% of oxygen that a person inhales)

Question 24

What percentage of oxygen makes up the atmospheric air?

Answer 24

21%

Question 25

What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients that need low levels of oxygen to maintain oxygenation?

Answer 25

nasal cannula | for nose breathers

Question 26

What kind of oxygenation equipment is most commonly used?

Answer 26

nasal cannula

Question 27

What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for short term oxygen therapy and is useful when transporting a patient?

Answer 27

simple face mask | for mouth breathers

Question 28

What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients with chronic lung disorder/s?

Answer 28

venturi mask

Question 29

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers a constant concentration of oxygen despite the patient's respiratory pattern?

Answer 29

venturi mask | more precise

Question 30

What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients in emergency situations who need a lot of oxygen at once?

Answer 30

nonrebreather

Question 31

What kind of oxygenation equipment are two-one way valves between bag and mask that prevents exhaled air from entering the bag?

Answer 31

nonrebreather

Question 32

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 80-95% of 10-15 L/min of oxygen?

Answer 32

nonrebreather

Question 33

What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients who are in need of high concentration oxygen but **do not need help** breathing?

Answer 33

partial rebreather

Question 34

What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients that have either low oxygen or hgih carbon dioxide levels and is a form of life support?

Answer 34

mechanical ventilation | pt cannot breathe on their own

Question 35

What kind of oxygenation equipment depends on lung compliance and delivers oxygen at a range from 20% to 100%?

Answer 35

mechanical ventilation

Question 36

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 40-70% of 6-10 L/min of oxygen?

Answer 36

partial rebreather

Question 37

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 24-40% of 4-16 L/min of oxygen or depending on the brand, sometimes 50-60%?

Answer 37

venturi mask

Question 38

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 40-60% of 5-8 L/min of oxygen?

Answer 38

simple face mask

Question 39

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 24-28% of 1-2 L/min of oxygen?

Answer 39

nasal cannula

Question 40

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 32-40% of 3-5 L/min of oxygen?

Answer 40

nasal cannula

Question 41

What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 44% of 6 L/min of oxygen?

Answer 41

nasal cannula

Question 42

When providing oxygen therapy, do you apply the lowest or highest liter flow to correct hypoxemia?

Answer 42

lowest

Question 43

# True or False?: I can use vaseline for my dry nares while on oxygen?

Answer 43

FALSE | vaseline has oils that can ignite spontaneously

Question 44

Is O2 a medication?

Answer 44

YES | which means we **cannot** prescribe or change O2 for a patient ## Footnote unless they are in an emergent situation (following standing orders)

Question 45

As a nurse, what can you do with managing chest tubes?

Answer 45

* assist in insertion/removal * monitor status & vital signs * check dressing * assess patency & integrity of drainage system

Question 46

What are the types of artifical airways?

Answer 46

* endotracheal tube (ET tube) * oropharyngeal (OPA) & nasopharyngeal airway * tracheostomy tube

Question 47

When someone is unconscious, what happens to the airway?

Answer 47

muscles in jaw relax, tongus obstructs airway

Question 48

When is oropharyngeal airways (OPA) used?

Answer 48

unresponsive pt without gag reflex

Question 49

When is nasopharyngeal airways (NPA) used?

Answer 49

both conscious and unconscious pt | usually right nare, lubricated

Question 50

What are different types of tracheostomy tubes?

Answer 50

* cuffless (no protection against aspiration) vs cuffed (some protection against aspiration) * unfenestrated vs fenestration (causes scarring, increases risk of aspiration & allow better voicing)

Question 51

When administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation, what is CABD?

Answer 51

* Chest compressions * Airway * Breathing * Defibrillation

Question 52

When performing an NG suction or insertion, what position woulld be put the patient in?

Answer 52

fowlers (45-60 degrees head & trunk raised)

Question 53

What some positions you can put your patient in if they are having difficulty breathing?

Answer 53

* high fowlers (60-90 degrees head & trunk raised) * orthopneic or tripod (in sitting position leaned over on overbed table)