Ch. 40 (Oxygenation & Perfusion) Flashcards
What is the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs?
ventillation
What is the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
perfusion
What is the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries?
diffusion
What are characteristics of respiratory rates in infants?
- rapid
- primarily abdominal
40-60 rpm
Cyanosis is a result of?
lack of oxygen perfusion
Pulse oximetry is less accurate on what population?
black pts
What is elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the blood?
hypercarbia
seen in copd and sleep apnea pts
What kind of intermittent lung sound occurs when air moves through airways that contain fluid?
crackles
fine, high-pitched crackling
What kind of continuous lung sound occurs on expiration adn sometimes on inspiration as air passes through airways constricted by swelling, secretions or tumors?
wheezes
common in asthma
What is inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells?
hypoxia
What is defined as dificulty breathing (SOB)?
dyspnea
What condition is defined as a decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs?
hypoventilation
What condition is defined as ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism?
hyperventilation
What condition is characterized as alveoli in the lungs collasping?
atelectasis
What condition is characterized as pathogens that have grown in the lungs due to the alveoli being full of fluid?
pneumonia
What condition is characterized as having too much fluid in the lungs?
pulmonary edema
What happens to alveoli in patients of COPD?
- alveoli sacs lose elasticity/destroyed
- sacs dont as well & CO2 becomes trapped
What acronym is used to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and pneumonia?
- Incentive spirometry
- Coughing & deep breathing
- Oral care
- Understanding
- Getting out of bed 3x daily
- Head of bed elevation
What kind of administered inhaled medication helps open narrowed airways?
bronchodilators
e.g. inhaler or nebulizer
What kind of administered inhaled medication disperses fine particles of liquid medication into the deeper passages of the respiratory tract?
nebulizers
What kind of administered inhaled medication delivers a controlled dose of medication with each compression of the canister?
meter-dose inhalers
What kind of administered inhaled medication is breath-activated?
dry powder inhalers
What are the two important things to consider when delivering supplemental oxygen to your patient?
- oxygen flow rate
- FiO2 (% of oxygen that a person inhales)
What percentage of oxygen makes up the atmospheric air?
21%
What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients that need low levels of oxygen to maintain oxygenation?
nasal cannula
for nose breathers
What kind of oxygenation equipment is most commonly used?
nasal cannula
What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for short term oxygen therapy and is useful when transporting a patient?
simple face mask
for mouth breathers
What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients with chronic lung disorder/s?
venturi mask
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers a constant concentration of oxygen despite the patient’s respiratory pattern?
venturi mask
more precise
What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients in emergency situations who need a lot of oxygen at once?
nonrebreather
What kind of oxygenation equipment are two-one way valves between bag and mask that prevents exhaled air from entering the bag?
nonrebreather
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 80-95% of 10-15 L/min of oxygen?
nonrebreather
What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients who are in need of high concentration oxygen but do not need help breathing?
partial rebreather
What kind of oxygenation equipment is used for patients that have either low oxygen or hgih carbon dioxide levels and is a form of life support?
mechanical ventilation
pt cannot breathe on their own
What kind of oxygenation equipment depends on lung compliance and delivers oxygen at a range from 20% to 100%?
mechanical ventilation
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 40-70% of 6-10 L/min of oxygen?
partial rebreather
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 24-40% of 4-16 L/min of oxygen or depending on the brand, sometimes 50-60%?
venturi mask
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 40-60% of 5-8 L/min of oxygen?
simple face mask
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 24-28% of 1-2 L/min of oxygen?
nasal cannula
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 32-40% of 3-5 L/min of oxygen?
nasal cannula
What kind of oxygenation equipment delivers 44% of 6 L/min of oxygen?
nasal cannula
When providing oxygen therapy, do you apply the lowest or highest liter flow to correct hypoxemia?
lowest
True or False?:
I can use vaseline for my dry nares while on oxygen?
FALSE
vaseline has oils that can ignite spontaneously
Is O2 a medication?
YES
which means we cannot prescribe or change O2 for a patient
unless they are in an emergent situation (following standing orders)
As a nurse, what can you do with managing chest tubes?
- assist in insertion/removal
- monitor status & vital signs
- check dressing
- assess patency & integrity of drainage system
What are the types of artifical airways?
- endotracheal tube (ET tube)
- oropharyngeal (OPA) & nasopharyngeal airway
- tracheostomy tube
When someone is unconscious, what happens to the airway?
muscles in jaw relax, tongus obstructs airway
When is oropharyngeal airways (OPA) used?
unresponsive pt without gag reflex
When is nasopharyngeal airways (NPA) used?
both conscious and unconscious pt
usually right nare, lubricated
What are different types of tracheostomy tubes?
- cuffless (no protection against aspiration) vs cuffed (some protection against aspiration)
- unfenestrated vs fenestration (causes scarring, increases risk of aspiration & allow better voicing)
When administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation, what is CABD?
- Chest compressions
- Airway
- Breathing
- Defibrillation
When performing an NG suction or insertion, what position woulld be put the patient in?
fowlers (45-60 degrees head & trunk raised)
What some positions you can put your patient in if they are having difficulty breathing?
- high fowlers (60-90 degrees head & trunk raised)
- orthopneic or tripod (in sitting position leaned over on overbed table)
