Ch. 35 (Comfort & Pain Management) Flashcards
What type of pain is in the skin or subcutaneous?
cutaneous
What type of pain is deep and diffuse?
somatic
What type of pain is from deep internal pain receptors?
visceral
What type of pain arises in one site and extends to another?
radiating
What type of pain arises in one site but is felt in a distant site?
referred
What type of pain is perceived as arising from a site that was surgically removed?
phantom
What type of pain is shorter than 3 months?
acute
What type of pain is longer than 3 months?
chronic
What type of pain comes from no known cause?
idiopathic pain
What are the two different types of pain?
- nociceptive
- neuropathic
What type of pain is from abnormal or damaged nerves?
neuropathic
What origin of pain cannot be identified?
psychogenic
“its all in your head”
What origin of pain can be identified?
physical
What describes the transmission of painful stimuli and recognizes a relationship between pain and emotions?
gate control theory of pain
Parasympathetic pain can cause what kind of reactions to pain?
- decreased in BP
- passing out
Women in the emergency department who report having acute pain are more or less likely to be given opioid painkillers?
less
Black/African American patients were 22% more or less likely than white patients to receive any pain medication?
less
What does FLACC stand for in FLACC pain scale?
- Faces
- Legs
- Activity
- Cry
- Consolability
What are some side effects of opioids or narcotic analgesics?
- sedation (increases risk for falls)
- respiratory depression
- N/V
- constipation
- urinary retention
- altered mental processes
- orthostatic hypotension (increases risk for falls)
What is the range/scores for numeric sedation scale?
- S: sleep, easy to arouse: no action
- 1: awake & alert; no action
- 2: occasionally drowsy, but easy to arouse; no action
- 3: frequently drowsy, drifts off to sleep during conversation; reduce dosage
- 4: somnolent with minimal or no response to stimuli; discontinue opioid, consider using naloxone
What can be used to reverse the effects of respiratory depression caused by opioids?
naloxone (narcan)
What are the steps to WHO 3-step analgesic ladder?
- nonopioid
- opioid for mild or moderate pain
- opioid for moderate to severe pain
In general, do we give pain medication before or after getting up?
before getting up
What allows patients to self-administer analgesics with minimal risk of overdose?
patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
What are the side effects of epidural analgesia?
- hypotension
- hematoma
- spinal headache
- infection
- loss of bladder control
check platelets prior to placement
What kind of analgesic is a loss of sensation in limited areas of the body?
local anesthesia
Who is the only person who can press the button to administer pain medication via a PCA?
the patient
What are safety considerations for patient’s using analgesics?
- avoid driving
- avoid operating machinery
- avoid alcohol
