Ch. 38 (Urinary Elimination)

Question 1

How much urine volume do adults produce every day?

Answer 1

1500-2000mL/day

Question 2

What urine volume amount prompts urgent concern?

Answer 2

less than 30mL/hr for more than 2 hrs

Question 3

What urine volume falls above 2000mL/day?

Answer 3

polyuria

Question 4

What urine volume falls below 400mL/day?

Answer 4

oliguria

Question 5

What would be described as a total suppression of urine under 150 mL per day?

Answer 5

anuria

Question 6

What are some characteristics of urination for children?

Answer 6

• toilet training: 2-3yrs old
• voluntary control begins: 18-24 months

Question 7

What are some characteristics of urination for patients with prostate enlargement?

Answer 7

• urinary frequency increases (starting 40 yrs)
• retention
• incontinence
• increased risk of UTIs

Question 8

What process is described as the bladder and urethral sphincter contracting and the pelvic floor muscles relaxing?

Answer 8

voiding

Question 9

What are some characteristics of urination for patients who are pregnant?

Answer 9

• increase renal output
• relaxation of sphincter
• greater risks of UTIs

Question 10

What are some characteristics of urination for patients in post-menopause?

Answer 10

• decreased tone due to low estrogen levels
• urgency
• stress incontinence
• increased risk of UTI

Question 11

What are some characteristics of urination for patients with older adults?

Answer 11

• fewer nephrons
• ineffective emptying of the bladder -> increasing risk of UTIs
• increase risk of nocturia

Question 12

What can occur as a result of impaired mobility due to difficulty transferring to the bathroom?

Answer 12

incontinence

Question 13

What kind of medications cause urinary retention?

Answer 13

• antihistamines
• anticholinergics

Question 14

What kind of medication prevents the reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes in tubules?

Answer 14

diuretics

Question 15

What kind of medications suppress the CNS and diminish effectiveness of neural reflex?

Answer 15

• analgesics
• tranquilizers

Question 16

What kind of medication changes the color of urine to red urine?

Answer 16

anticoagulants

Question 17

What kind of medication changes the color of urine to pale yellow urine?

Answer 17

diuretics

Question 18

What kind of medication changes the color of urine to orange or orange-red urine?

Answer 18

pyridium

Question 19

What kind of medication changes the color of urine to green or blue-green urine?

Answer 19

• amitriptyline
• B-complex vitamins

Question 20

What kind of medication changes the color of urine to brown or black urine?

Answer 20

levodopa

Question 21

What describes the accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to empty?

Answer 21

urinary retention

Question 22

What describes the involuntary leakage of urine?

Answer 22

urinary incontinence

Question 23

What kind of urinary incontinence is caused by the bladder being full and urine leaking?

Answer 23

overflow incontinence

Question 24

What kind of urinary incontinence is cuased by an overactive bladder causng urgency?

Answer 24

urge incontinence

Question 25

What kind of urinary incontinence is caused by weak pelvic muscles and abdominal pressure associated with effort or exertion?

Answer 25

stress incontinence

Question 26

Who is at risk for urinary tract infections?

Answer 26

* sexually active women * women who use diaphragams * postmenopausal women * individuals with diabetes * uncircumcised clients * use of indwelling catheters * older adults

Question 27

What is a temporary or permanent mechanism that reroutes the urine?

Answer 27

urinary diversion

Question 28

What are small tubes tunneled through the skin into the renal pelvis and are placed to drain the renal pelvis when the ureter is obstructed?

Answer 28

nephrostomy tubes

Question 29

What will show on the labs for a UTI?

Answer 29

* positive nitrates * leukocyte esterase (WBCs) * bacteria

Question 30

What is a random nonsterile urine specimen called?

Answer 30

urinalysis

Question 31

What do we famously use to get sterile urine specimen for culture and sensitivity?

Answer 31

catheter

Question 32

What kind of catheter is an indwelling catheter with a inflated balloon?

Answer 32

the foley/urinary (baloon) catheter

Question 33

What kind of catheter is without the balloon and are used for clean intermittent catheterization?

Answer 33

straight catheter

Question 34

What kind of catheter can be used to instill medications or continuous bladder irrigation?

Answer 34

tripe lumen (three-way)

Question 35

What kind of catheter has a semirigid curved tip for prostate enlargement?

Answer 35

the coude (curved) catheter

Question 36

What are some important notes when hanging a catheter drainage system?

Answer 36

* hang bag below bladder (urine flows with gravity) * never touch the floor * assess for clots or kinks in tube

Question 37

What instills sterile solution into the bladder and allows it to drain out?

Answer 37

closed catheter irrigation

Question 38

What disconnects the catheter from the drainage bag and instils irrigating soution?

Answer 38

open irrigation | not recommended due to risk of infection

Question 39

What causes incontinence until neobladder slowly stretches and urinary sphicter is strong enough to contain urine?

Answer 39

orthopic neobladder

Question 40

What skin infection is associated with incontinence?

Answer 40

incontinence associated dermatitis