Ch. 33 (Activity) Flashcards
What refers to a person’s ability to move about freely, and immobility refers to the inability to do so?
mobility
What percentage of muscle loss per day does a person experience when they are on bed rest?
3%
What are the effects of muscular deconditioning?
- disuse atrophy
- physiological
- psychological
- social
What are factors influencing mobility?
- developmental
- physical
- mental
- lifestyle
- attitude & values
- fatigue & stress
- external factors
What are the benefits of exercise?
- controls weight
- reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer
- strengthens bones & muscles
- improves mental health & mood
- improves ADLs & prevents falls
- increases chance of living longer
What are metabolic effects of immobility?
- endocrine
- calcium absorption
- GI function
- negative nitrogen balance (weight loss, decrease muscle mass, weakness)
What are respiratory effects of immobility?
- atelectasis (collasped lung)
- hypostatic pneumonia
- decreased respiratory movement, ability to deep breath & cough
What are cardiovascular effects of immobility?
- orthostatic hypotension
- thrombus
- less fluid volume/increased cardiac workload
What are musculoskeletal effects of immobility?
- loss of endurance & muscle mass
- decreased stability & balance
What are muscle effects of immobility?
- loss of muscle mass
- muscle atrophy/weakness
- decreased stability & balance
What are skeletal effects of immobility?
- impaired calcium absorption
- joint abnormalities
- foot drop
- pathological fractures
- disuse osteoporosis
What are urinary elimination effects of immobility?
- urinary stasis
- renal calculi
- UTIs
What are integuentary effects of immobility?
- pressure injury
- ischemia
What are gastrointestinal effects of immobility?
- decreased peristalsis, constipation, fecal impaction
- decreased fluid intake
What are pscyhosocial effects of immobility?
- hostility, giddiness, fear, anxiety, passivity
- altered sleep patterns
- depression, sadness, dejection
When looking for pressure injuries, where should be espeically look?
- beneath/around devices
- compression stockings
- bony prominences (heels, scarum)
- skin-to-skin areas
- previous breakdown sites
What describes inflammation of a vein that results in clot formation?
thrombophlebitits, deep-vein thrombosis
What are manifestations of thrombophlebitis, deep-vein thrombosis?
- pain
- edema
- warmth
- erythema
What do you assess with thrombophlebitis, deep-vein thrombosis?
measure calf & thighs daily
What are nursing actions that you perform when you notice thrombophlebitis/deep-vein thrombosis in pts?
- notify Md
- elevate leg
- avoid pressure
- dont massage
- anticipate giving anticoagulants
What are nursing actions that you perform when you notice pulmonary embolism in pts?
- notify MD
- position pt in high fowlers
- obtain SpO2
- prepare to obtain blood gases
- monitor frequent VS
- prepare to give thrombolytic or anticoagulants
What are manifestations of pulmonary embolism?
- SOB
- chest pain
- hemoptysis
- decreased BP
- rapid pulse
What describes an occlusion of blood flow to one or more of the pulmonary arteries by a clot that often originates in the venous system of the lower legs?
pulmonary embolism
What are mechanical aids for walking?
- walker
- cane
- braces
- crutches
