Ch. 4 Terminology Flashcards
apnea
not breathing
anoxia
without oxygen (decrease in tissues)
abnormal
pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular
abductor
one who (muscle which) leads away from the body. To abduct means to carry away by force; kidnap
adductor
one who (muscle which) leads towards the body. To admit means to send toward or permit entrance.
adrenal glands
Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidney
anabolism
Process of casting (building) up ,aterials (proteins) within cells.
analysis
To separate (apart). Psychoanalysis is a psychiatric treatment that explores the minds. Urinalysis is a laboratory examination of urine to aid in daignosis
ante cibum
before meals
anteflexion
bending forward
antepartum
before birth
antibiotic
pertaining to against life (germ life)
antibody
Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens.
antigen
a substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies
antitoxin
a substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin (such as those causing diphtheria or tetanus). Antivenin contains antitoxin specific for an animal or insect venom.
autoimmune disease
A condition related to making antibodies (immune substance) against one’s own (auto-) cells and tissues.
bifurcation
Forking (branching) into two; as the trachea bifurcates into two individual tubes.
bilateral
Pertaining to two sides.
bradycardia
Condition of slow heartbeat
catabolism
Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells.
congenital anomaly
Irregularity at birth
connective
To tie (bind) together. A conference (fer- means to carry to brings) is where people gather together or meet.
contraindication
To point out against; as reason why a drug should not be taken.
contralateral
Pertaining to the opposite side. Ipsilateral means pertaining to the same side.
dehydration
condition of lack of water
diameter
To measure through; as the diameter of a circle
diarrhea
to flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon
dialysis
Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
dyspnea
Difficult breathing
dysplasia
Abnormal (bad) development of formation
ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy out of the normal place. (usually in the fallopian tubes)
endocardium
Inner lining (membrane) of the heart
endscope
Instrument to view within the body; gastroscope, bronchoscope, laparoscope
endotracheal
Pertaining to within the trachea
epithelium
Skin cell; literally, “upon the nipple”
euphoria
Good feeling, “high”. A eulogy is a speech saying good things about a person after his/her death.
euthyroid
Normal thyroid functions.
exophthalmos
Eyeballs that protrude
hemiglossectomy
Removal of half the tongue
hyperglycmia
Increase in blood sugar
hyperplasia
Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells)
hypertrophy
Increase in development; increase in size of cells.
hypodermic injection
Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin.
hypoglycemia
decrease in blood sugar
insomniac
Pertaining to inability to sleep
incision
Process of cutting into; sectioning
infracostal
Pertaining to below the ribs
intravenous
Pertaining to within a vein
macrocephaly
Pertaining to an enlarged head; a congenital anomaly.
malignant
Harmful, bad; cancerous condition
malaise
Feeling of discomfort; “bad feeling”
metacarpal bones
Five hand bones (beyond the wrist)
metamorphosis
Condition of change of shape or form. A worm-like larva undergoes a change in shape to become a butterfly. This is an example of a metamorphosis
metastasis
Beyond control; spreading of a malignant tumor.
microscope
Instrument to view small objects.
neonatal
Pertaining to a newborn (infant)
neoplasm
New growth; new formation (tumor)
pancytopenia
Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells)
paralysis
Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function.
parathyroid glands
Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side of) the thyroid gland. a paramedic works beside and assists a doctor; also called an emergency medical technician (EMT). A parasite (-site means gain of food) is an organism that feeds and lives on or within another organism. Lice, ticks, and fleas are examples of parasites.
percutaneous
pertaining to through the skin
pericardium
membrane surrounding the heart
periosteum
membrane surrounding the bone
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a many-shaped nucleus; a type of with blood cell
polyneuritis
Inflammation of many nerves
postmortem
after death
postpartum
after childbirth; this most often refers to the mother
precancerous
Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous
prenatal
Pertaining to before birth
prodrome
Signs and symptoms that appear before the onset of a more serve illness
prolapse
sliding forward or downward
prosthesis
Artificial limb or part of the body (literally, to put or place forward)
relapse
A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of disease
remission
to send back; disappearance of symptoms of disease
recombinant DNA
Inserting a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another organism.
retroperitoneal
Pertaining to behind the peritoneum
retroflexion
bending backward
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
suprapubic
pertaining to above the pubic bone (part of the pelvis)
syndactyly
Condition of webbed (held together) fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly
synthesis
to put or place together as in protein synthesis or photosynthesis
syndrome
a group of symptoms that run (occur) together. In synchrony means timed (chron/o) together
symbiosis
condition of state of “life together”; two organisms living together for mutual benefit or not (parasitism)
symmetry
state of “measurement together”; equality of parts’ mirror images.
symphysis
to grow together; bones that grow together at the joint
tachypnea
Rapid breathing
transfusion
to pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another
transurethral
pertaining to through the urethra
ultrasonography
process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves.
unilateral
pertaining to one side
