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Medical Terminology > Ch. 4 Terminology > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

apnea

A

not breathing

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2
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen (decrease in tissues)

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3
Q

abnormal

A

pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular

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4
Q

abductor

A

one who (muscle which) leads away from the body. To abduct means to carry away by force; kidnap

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5
Q

adductor

A

one who (muscle which) leads towards the body. To admit means to send toward or permit entrance.

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6
Q

adrenal glands

A

Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidney

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7
Q

anabolism

A

Process of casting (building) up ,aterials (proteins) within cells.

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8
Q

analysis

A

To separate (apart). Psychoanalysis is a psychiatric treatment that explores the minds. Urinalysis is a laboratory examination of urine to aid in daignosis

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9
Q

ante cibum

A

before meals

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10
Q

anteflexion

A

bending forward

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11
Q

antepartum

A

before birth

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12
Q

antibiotic

A

pertaining to against life (germ life)

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13
Q

antibody

A

Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens.

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14
Q

antigen

A

a substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies

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15
Q

antitoxin

A

a substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin (such as those causing diphtheria or tetanus). Antivenin contains antitoxin specific for an animal or insect venom.

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16
Q

autoimmune disease

A

A condition related to making antibodies (immune substance) against one’s own (auto-) cells and tissues.

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17
Q

bifurcation

A

Forking (branching) into two; as the trachea bifurcates into two individual tubes.

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18
Q

bilateral

A

Pertaining to two sides.

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19
Q

bradycardia

A

Condition of slow heartbeat

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20
Q

catabolism

A

Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells.

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21
Q

congenital anomaly

A

Irregularity at birth

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22
Q

connective

A

To tie (bind) together. A conference (fer- means to carry to brings) is where people gather together or meet.

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23
Q

contraindication

A

To point out against; as reason why a drug should not be taken.

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24
Q

contralateral

A

Pertaining to the opposite side. Ipsilateral means pertaining to the same side.

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25
Q

dehydration

A

condition of lack of water

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26
Q

diameter

A

To measure through; as the diameter of a circle

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27
Q

diarrhea

A

to flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon

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28
Q

dialysis

A

Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

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29
Q

dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing

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30
Q

dysplasia

A

Abnormal (bad) development of formation

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31
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

Pregnancy out of the normal place. (usually in the fallopian tubes)

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32
Q

endocardium

A

Inner lining (membrane) of the heart

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33
Q

endscope

A

Instrument to view within the body; gastroscope, bronchoscope, laparoscope

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34
Q

endotracheal

A

Pertaining to within the trachea

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35
Q

epithelium

A

Skin cell; literally, “upon the nipple”

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36
Q

euphoria

A

Good feeling, “high”. A eulogy is a speech saying good things about a person after his/her death.

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37
Q

euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid functions.

38
Q

exophthalmos

A

Eyeballs that protrude

39
Q

hemiglossectomy

A

Removal of half the tongue

40
Q

hyperglycmia

A

Increase in blood sugar

41
Q

hyperplasia

A

Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells)

42
Q

hypertrophy

A

Increase in development; increase in size of cells.

43
Q

hypodermic injection

A

Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin.

44
Q

hypoglycemia

A

decrease in blood sugar

45
Q

insomniac

A

Pertaining to inability to sleep

46
Q

incision

A

Process of cutting into; sectioning

47
Q

infracostal

A

Pertaining to below the ribs

48
Q

intravenous

A

Pertaining to within a vein

49
Q

macrocephaly

A

Pertaining to an enlarged head; a congenital anomaly.

50
Q

malignant

A

Harmful, bad; cancerous condition

51
Q

malaise

A

Feeling of discomfort; “bad feeling”

52
Q

metacarpal bones

A

Five hand bones (beyond the wrist)

53
Q

metamorphosis

A

Condition of change of shape or form. A worm-like larva undergoes a change in shape to become a butterfly. This is an example of a metamorphosis

54
Q

metastasis

A

Beyond control; spreading of a malignant tumor.

55
Q

microscope

A

Instrument to view small objects.

56
Q

neonatal

A

Pertaining to a newborn (infant)

57
Q

neoplasm

A

New growth; new formation (tumor)

58
Q

pancytopenia

A

Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells)

59
Q

paralysis

A

Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function.

60
Q

parathyroid glands

A

Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side of) the thyroid gland. a paramedic works beside and assists a doctor; also called an emergency medical technician (EMT). A parasite (-site means gain of food) is an organism that feeds and lives on or within another organism. Lice, ticks, and fleas are examples of parasites.

61
Q

percutaneous

A

pertaining to through the skin

62
Q

pericardium

A

membrane surrounding the heart

63
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding the bone

64
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to a many-shaped nucleus; a type of with blood cell

65
Q

polyneuritis

A

Inflammation of many nerves

66
Q

postmortem

A

after death

67
Q

postpartum

A

after childbirth; this most often refers to the mother

68
Q

precancerous

A

Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous

69
Q

prenatal

A

Pertaining to before birth

70
Q

prodrome

A

Signs and symptoms that appear before the onset of a more serve illness

71
Q

prolapse

A

sliding forward or downward

72
Q

prosthesis

A

Artificial limb or part of the body (literally, to put or place forward)

73
Q

relapse

A

A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of disease

74
Q

remission

A

to send back; disappearance of symptoms of disease

75
Q

recombinant DNA

A

Inserting a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another organism.

76
Q

retroperitoneal

A

Pertaining to behind the peritoneum

77
Q

retroflexion

A

bending backward

78
Q

subcutaneous

A

pertaining to under the skin

79
Q

suprapubic

A

pertaining to above the pubic bone (part of the pelvis)

80
Q

syndactyly

A

Condition of webbed (held together) fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly

81
Q

synthesis

A

to put or place together as in protein synthesis or photosynthesis

82
Q

syndrome

A

a group of symptoms that run (occur) together. In synchrony means timed (chron/o) together

83
Q

symbiosis

A

condition of state of “life together”; two organisms living together for mutual benefit or not (parasitism)

84
Q

symmetry

A

state of “measurement together”; equality of parts’ mirror images.

85
Q

symphysis

A

to grow together; bones that grow together at the joint

86
Q

tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

87
Q

transfusion

A

to pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another

88
Q

transurethral

A

pertaining to through the urethra

89
Q

ultrasonography

A

process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves.

90
Q

unilateral

A

pertaining to one side

Medical Terminology (31 decks)

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