Ch. 2 Terminology Flashcards
Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substance and energy is released.
Catabolism
Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.
Anabolism
Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell membrane
Rod-shape structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.
Chromosomes
All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm
Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
DNA
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Regions of DNA with each chromosome.
genes
Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.
Karyotype
Total of chemical process in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.
Metabolism
Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.
Mitochondria
Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
Nucleus
Collection of fat cells.
Adipose tissue
Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.
Cartilage
Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.
Epithelial cells
Specialist in the study of tissue
Histologist
Voice box located at the upper part of the trachea.
Larynx
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
Pituitary gland
Throat
Pharynx
Endocrine gland the surrounds the trachea in the neck
Thyroid gland
Windpipe
Trachea
One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
Ureter
Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Urethra
The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.
Uterus
Internal organs
Viscera
Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines.
Abdominal cavity
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.
Cranial cavity
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
Diaphragm
Pertaining to the back.
Dorsal (posterior)
Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
Mediastinum
Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
Pelvic cavity
Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.
Pleura
Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.
Peritoneum
Space between the pleural layers.
Pleural cavity
Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord.
Spinal cavity
Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trache, esophagus, and other organs.
Thoracic cavity
Pertaining to the front
Ventral (anterior)
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
Hypochondriac
Middle upper region above the stomach
Epigastric
Right and left middle regions near the waist
Lumbar
Central region near the navel
Umbilical
Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions.
Inguinal
Middle lower region below the umbilical region.
Hypogastric
RUQ
Right upper quadrant
LUQ
Left upper quadrant
RLQ
Right lower quadrant
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
Neck region C1 to C7
Cervical
Chest region T1 to T12
Thoracic
Loin (waist) region L1 to L5
Lumbar
Region of the sacrum S1 to S5
Sacral
Region of the coccyx (tailbone)
Coccygeal
Single backbone
Vertebra
Backbones
Vertebrae
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
Spinal column
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
Spinal cord
Pad of cartilage between vertebrae
Disk (disc)
Front surface of the body
Anterior (ventral)
Away from the surface
Deep
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.
Distal
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.
Frontal (coronal) plane
Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body.
Inferior (caudal)
Pertaining to the side
Lateral
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.
Medial
Back surface of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
Lying on the belly (face down, palms up)
Prone
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.
Proximal
Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure unto right and left sides.
Sagittal (lateral) plane
On the surface
Superficial
Above another structure; pertaining to the head
Superior (cephalic)
Lying on the back (face up, palms up)
Supine
Horizontal (cross sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions.
Transverse (axial) plane
