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Medical Terminology > Ch. 2 Terminology > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substance and energy is released.

A

Catabolism

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1
Q

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

A

Anabolism

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2
Q

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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3
Q

Rod-shape structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

A

DNA

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6
Q

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

Regions of DNA with each chromosome.

A

genes

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8
Q

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

A

Karyotype

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9
Q

Total of chemical process in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

A

Metabolism

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10
Q

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

A

Mitochondria

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11
Q

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

Collection of fat cells.

A

Adipose tissue

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13
Q

Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.

A

Cartilage

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14
Q

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

A

Epithelial cells

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15
Q

Specialist in the study of tissue

A

Histologist

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16
Q

Voice box located at the upper part of the trachea.

A

Larynx

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17
Q

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

A

Pituitary gland

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18
Q

Throat

A

Pharynx

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19
Q

Endocrine gland the surrounds the trachea in the neck

A

Thyroid gland

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20
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

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21
Q

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

A

Ureter

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22
Q

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

A

Urethra

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23
Q

The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.

A

Uterus

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24
Q

Internal organs

A

Viscera

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25
Q

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines.

A

Abdominal cavity

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26
Q

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.

A

Cranial cavity

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27
Q

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

A

Diaphragm

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28
Q

Pertaining to the back.

A

Dorsal (posterior)

29
Q

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

A

Mediastinum

30
Q

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

A

Pelvic cavity

31
Q

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.

A

Pleura

32
Q

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.

A

Peritoneum

33
Q

Space between the pleural layers.

A

Pleural cavity

34
Q

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord.

A

Spinal cavity

35
Q

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trache, esophagus, and other organs.

A

Thoracic cavity

36
Q

Pertaining to the front

A

Ventral (anterior)

37
Q

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

A

Hypochondriac

38
Q

Middle upper region above the stomach

A

Epigastric

39
Q

Right and left middle regions near the waist

A

Lumbar

40
Q

Central region near the navel

A

Umbilical

41
Q

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions.

A

Inguinal

42
Q

Middle lower region below the umbilical region.

A

Hypogastric

43
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

44
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

45
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

46
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

47
Q

Neck region C1 to C7

A

Cervical

48
Q

Chest region T1 to T12

A

Thoracic

49
Q

Loin (waist) region L1 to L5

A

Lumbar

50
Q

Region of the sacrum S1 to S5

A

Sacral

51
Q

Region of the coccyx (tailbone)

A

Coccygeal

52
Q

Single backbone

A

Vertebra

53
Q

Backbones

A

Vertebrae

54
Q

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

A

Spinal column

55
Q

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

A

Spinal cord

56
Q

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

A

Disk (disc)

57
Q

Front surface of the body

A

Anterior (ventral)

58
Q

Away from the surface

A

Deep

59
Q

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.

A

Distal

60
Q

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

61
Q

Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body.

A

Inferior (caudal)

62
Q

Pertaining to the side

A

Lateral

63
Q

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.

A

Medial

64
Q

Back surface of the body

A

Posterior (dorsal)

65
Q

Lying on the belly (face down, palms up)

A

Prone

66
Q

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.

A

Proximal

67
Q

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure unto right and left sides.

A

Sagittal (lateral) plane

68
Q

On the surface

A

Superficial

69
Q

Above another structure; pertaining to the head

A

Superior (cephalic)

70
Q

Lying on the back (face up, palms up)

A

Supine

71
Q

Horizontal (cross sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

A

Transverse (axial) plane

Medical Terminology (31 decks)

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