Ch 4 Summary Flashcards

1
Q

German scientists developed this in the 1940s

lightweight magnetized strands of ribbon that make possible sound editing and multiple-track mixing; instrumentals or vocals can be recorded at one location and later mixed onto a master recording in another studio.

A

audiotape

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2
Q

Other inventors developed the technique of recording and playing back sound in _____

A

stereo

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3
Q

In the 1980s, ______ or recording sound as binary code, began to replace traditional analog recording

A

digital recording

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4
Q

fill in

A

analog recording

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5
Q

hit the market in 1983, consumers started choosing the new technology over records and cassette tapes. By 2000, ____ rendered records and audiocassettes nearly obsolete.

A

compact discs (CDs)

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6
Q

file format

A

MP3

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7
Q

appeals either to a wide cross section of the public or to sizable subdivisions within the larger public based on age, region, or ethnic background

A

pop music

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8
Q

fill in

A

jazz

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9
Q

songs performed or recorded by other artists

A

cover music

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10
Q

style developed as a combination of vocal and instrumental music with a variety of sources, including southern blues music

blurred racial lines and served as a vehicle for directly or indirectly addressing issues of inequality

A

rock and roll

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11
Q

fill in

A

rhythm and blues, or R&B

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12
Q

a combination of country music, southern gospel, and Mississippi delta blues, were created through a merging of styles.

A

rockabilly

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13
Q

conservative outcry against the lyrics and styles of rock music

rock music in America by the early 1960s was becoming more clean-cut and less likely to challenge authority or social inequality.

A

payola scandals

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14
Q

fill in

A

soul

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15
Q

fill in

A

punk rock

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16
Q

rock music that takes the spirit of punk and infuses it with more attention to melody

A

grunge

17
Q

punk and grunge

A

alternative rock

18
Q

subgenres of hip-hop like _____ are often criticized for glorifying violence to listeners.

A

gangster rap

19
Q

At the same time punk was challenging commercial rock, urban artists were developing a style combining rapping, sampling, break dancing, and poetry slams that would become part of a larger style of music called

A

hip-hop

20
Q

A few major companies, including Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, and Warner Music Group, still have an _____

A

oligopoly

21
Q

scout talent, sign them to a contract, and coordinate the artistic and technical elements necessary to professionally record music.

A

A&R (artist and repertoire) agent

22
Q

All independent labels

A

indies