CH 4 Stress, Exercise, and Immobility

Question 1

Eustress

Answer 1

describes stress that stimulates a person positively (ex: job promotion)

Question 2

Distress

Answer 2

describes stress that evokes negative feelings and adverse reactions

Question 3

Selye’s Stress Response Theory - a stressor is…

Answer 3

a challenging demand in the body that arouses a response from multiple organ systems, can be positive or negative, with the potential to cause adverse health effects

Question 4

Adaptive Ability

Answer 4

the way a person manages the stress and reduces the stressor’s effect on his or her life, dependent on the individual s coping mechanisms and conditioning factors

Question 5

Coping Mechanisms

Answer 5

the emotional and behavioral responses to manage threats to physiological and psychological homeostasis

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

the condition of equilibrium when various physiological parameters are met

Question 7

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 7

adaptive reaction, theorized by Selye, analyzing the body’s reaction to stress of any kind

Question 8

Three stages of Selye’s Theory

Answer 8

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

Question 9

Alarm Stage is stimulated by what system

Answer 9

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 10

Sympathetic Nervous System knon as what

Answer 10

adrenergic

Question 11

Sympathetic Nervous System releases what hormone in response to the alarm stage

Answer 11

norepinephrine

Question 12

Alarm response to norepinephrine

Answer 12

• increases alertness
• stimulates cardiorespiratory and vascular responses.
• causes vasoconstriction of the arterial blood vessels that bring blood to the heart muscle, lungs, and skeletal muscles.
• Heart and respiratory rate increase
• Decreased circulation of the hands and feet create cold, clammy extremities.
• Sweat gland activity increases to disperse excess heat generated by a surge in energy.
• pupils dilate, increases visual acuity,
• bronchioles dilate to enhance respiratory capacity.
• Blood flow to the gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary systems diminishes , slowing activity in these areas.

Question 13

Fight or Flight

Answer 13

Described by Walter B. Cannon, the basic survival response to an acute, severe stressor that incites involuntary neuroendocrine physiological changes

Question 14

Alarm stage, hypothalamus secretes what hormone, which does what

Answer 14

corticotrophin-releasing factor, stimulates the ANTERIOR pituitary to release ACTH and the POSTERIOR pituitary to release antidiuretic

Question 15

Alarm stage, ANTERIOR pituitary releases what, to do what

Answer 15

secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), acts on the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

Question 16

Alarm stage, POSTERIOR pituitary releases what, for what

Answer 16

antidiuretics hormone, to increase water water absorption, and slow down GU system

Question 17

Adrenal Gland (adrenal cortex) secretes what, for what

Answer 17

cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone to stimulate action of changes of the alarm stage, vasoconstriction, etc.

Question 18

Cortisol, potentiates what in the alarm stage

Answer 18

• raises blood glucose levels
• enhances muscle strength
• enhances immunity, increasing WBC activity
• prolonged stress/heightened cortisol turns into immunosuppression

Question 19

Alarm stage, adrenal medulla releases what

Answer 19

epinephrine and aldosterone, potentiating the sympathetic response

Question 20

Alarm stage, aldosterone does what

Answer 20

acts on the kidneys nephrons to increase sodium and water resorption into the bloodstream

Question 21

Resistance Stage

Answer 21

body is attempting to stave off effects of stress through continual secretion. IF stress subsides SNS and adrenal stimulation slow and activation of parasympathetic causes relaxation

Question 22

Parasympathetic =Cholinergic

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Exhaustion stage, what happens

Answer 23

if stress is prolonged, high levels of hormone and catecholamine secretion cannot be sustained. Stress overwhelms the body’s ability to defend itself and signs of systemic dysfunction occur.

Question 24

Signs of Exhaustion stage

Answer 24

• feeling rundown
• unable to cope
• depressed
• anxious
• physically ill

Question 25

Allostasis

Answer 25

describes the dynamic state of balance that changes according to exposure to stressors

Question 26

Prednisone and how long-term affects the body

Answer 26

Prednisone causes feedback to the adrenal gland, which naturally produces cortisol. If adrenal is shut down too long it atrophies and can no longer produce cortisol