ch 4 quiz Flashcards
The AMDR for carbohydrates is
45–65%.
The liver converts all monosaccharides into
glucose
What happens when our intestinal bacteria try to break down resistant starch?
Butyrate is produced, which could help reduce risk for cancer.
Glycogen is
a storage form of glucose for animals and humans.
Complex carbohydrates consist of long-chain glucose molecules called
polysaccharides
The most common source of added sugars in the U.S. diet is:
sweetened soft drinks
The RDA for carbohydrate is based on how much glucose is utilized by
the brain
Insulin is secreted by
beta cells of the pancreas
Carbohydrates are used primarily for
energy for daily activities and exercise.
Simple carbohydrates are commonly referred to as
sugars
For which sweetener has there been no ADI set?
saccharin
Maltose is a key component in which product?
alcohol
Beside its molecular makeup, what makes sucrose different from maltose and lactose?
it is sweeter
The Food and Nutrition Board of Medicine has recently proposed three distinctions for defining fiber. What are they ?
Dietary fiber, functional fiber, and total fiber
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with
salivary amylase
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
With type 1 diabetes you don’t produce enough insulin; with type 2 you are resistant to insulin.
The amount of carbohydrate a food contains multiplied by the glycemic index of that food is called the
glycemic load
What two hormones assist the body in maintaining blood sugar levels
insulin
glucagon
In many processed foods, fructose comes in the form of
high fructose corn syrup
Ketoacidosis can result from
prolonged low carb intake
The body can make its own glucose from protein through a process known as
gluconeogenesis
What is the glycemic index?
measure of foods ability to raise blood glucose levels
