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Health Disease & Nutrition > ch 13 food equity > Flashcards

ch 13 food equity Flashcards

1
Q

food insecurity

food insecurity

A

unreliable access to a sufficient supply of nourishing food

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2
Q

food insecurity

about 17.4 million U.S. households experienced

about 14%

A

food security in 2011

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3
Q

food insecurity

about 6.8 million households experienced very low

A

food security

eating patterns were disrupted and food intake was reduced

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4
Q

food insecurity

those at higher risk are households with

A

lower incomes

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5
Q

food access

famine

A

a severe food shortage affecting a large percentage of the population in a limited geographical area

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6
Q

food access

ex of famine that happened in china

A

20-43 million people died in the great famine from 1958-1961

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7
Q

food access

overpopulation

A

can occur when resources are insufficient to support the number of people living there

  • uneven distribution
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8
Q

chronic hunger

local conditions can contribute to chronic hunger

A
  • cash crops
  • lack of infrastructure
  • impact of disease
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9
Q

local conditions can contribute to chronic hunger

cash crops

A

crops grown to be sold rather than eaten such as cotton or tobacco

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10
Q

climate change threatens food security

global warming

A

general term used for the increase of about 1.5 F in temp that has occured on the earth’s surface over the past century

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11
Q

climate change threatens food security: global warming

many scientists believe this is due to the

A

carbon dioxide produced by human activities

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12
Q

climate change threatens food security: global warming

a 2015 study attributed 75% of _________ _________ and 18% of _______ _______ to global warming

A

heat extremes
precipitation extremes

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13
Q

sustainability

sustainability

A

the ability to satisfy basic, economic, social, and security needs now and in the future without undermining the natural resource base and environmental quality on which life depends

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14
Q

sustainability

sustainable practices on help

A
  • reduce pollution of soil and water
  • maintain or improve food diversity
  • reduce the number of food deserts
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15
Q

sustainability

food deserts

A

geographic areas where people lack access to afforable, nutritous food

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16
Q

sustainability

food movement initiatives that aim to promote sustainability and food diversity include

A
  • family farms
  • community supported agriculture (CSA)
  • farmers’ markets
  • urban agriculture
  • school gardens
  • entrepreneurship investing in food startups
  • corporate involvement
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17
Q

industrial agriculture

green revolution

A

massive program that has improved the technology and practices in agriculture

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18
Q

industral agriculture

high yield varieties (HYVs)

A

new forms of food products (like grains) that were produced by cross-breeding plants and selecting the most desirable traits

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19
Q

food diversity

food diversity

A

the variety of difference species of food crops available

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20
Q

food diversity

food diversity ex

A

in the 1960s the federal Agricultural Adjustment Act provided financial incentives for farmers to grow singles crops that were cultivated on a massive scale called monocultures

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21
Q

food industry influences america’s diet

in 2015 lobbyists were recorded spending the following amounts to promote certain aspects of food production

A
  • livestock: $2.9 million
  • dairy: $7 million
  • sugar: $10.3 million
  • food manufactures: $18.3 million
  • beer, wine, liquor: $25 million
22
Q

international initiatives

strive to increase access to nourishing foods

A
  • WHO and UNICEF promote breastfeeding
  • united nations world food programme
  • USAID and peace corps agricultural edu programs
23
Q

national and local programs

many programs help to increase access to nourishing foods

A
  • SNAP
  • WIC
  • national commodity food program
  • CDC healthful corner store
24
Q

food ethics: food equity

fair trade

A

a trading partnership promoting equity in international trading relationships and contributing to sustainable development by securing the rights of marginalized producers and workers

25
Q

food ethics: food equity— fair trade

born in response to the

A

exploitation of farm laborers around the world

26
Q

food ethics: food equity– fair trade

depends on support from

A

consumers purchasing fair trade products

27
Q

food equity

Food equity

A

Sharing the world’s food and other resources fairly

28
Q

food equity

One in 7 people in the world is chronically

A

Undernourished, almost all of them developing nations

29
Q

food equity

The major cause of undernutrition is

A

Unequal distribution of food because of poverty

30
Q

choose foods that are healthful to you

A
  • buy ORGANIC or REDUCE synthetic pesticide use
  • purchase local produce and support local economy
  • choose whole foods or less processed foods
  • avoid empty calorie food and beverages
  • when eating out ask for nutritional info
31
Q

in depth: malnutrition

approximately 51 million children do not weigh enough for their

A

height

32
Q

in depth: malnutrition

severe acute malnutrition (SAM)

A

condition in which energy intake is so inadequate that the child experiences a lower body weight than normal

33
Q

in depth: malnutrition

approximately 161 million children experience stunted growth which causes them to be

A

shorter than expected for their age

34
Q

in depth: malnutrition

SAM dramatically increases a population’s rate of

A
  • maternal mortality
  • infant mortality
35
Q

in depth: malnutrition

maternal mortality

A

deaths of a woman during
* pregnancy
* childbirth
* or in the immediate postpartal period

36
Q

in depth: malnutrition

infant mortality

A

deaths of infants between birth and 1 year of age

37
Q

in depth: malnutrition

micronutrient deficiences can lead to preventable diseases

A
  • iron deficiency anemia
  • prenatal iodine
  • vitamin A deficiency
38
Q

micronutrient deficiencies that are preventable

which deficiency is the most common deficiency WORLDWIDE

A

iron deficiency anemia

39
Q

micronutrient deficiencies that are preventable

which deficiency is fetal brain development

A

prenatal iodine

40
Q

micronutrient deficiencies that are preventable

which deficiency is the leading cause of blindness in children

A

vitamin A deficiency

41
Q

1. life stage and results of chronic undernutrition

life stage: undernourished fetus

A

result: low birth weight

leads to higher infant mortality rate

42
Q

2. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition

the result of low birth weight leads to the
life stage undernourished infant

A

result:
* impaired physical and cognitive development
* frequent infections

43
Q

3. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition

result of impaired physical and cognitive development and frequent infections leads to the
life stage of undernourished child

A

result:
* stunted growth; wasting
* poor motor development
* behavioral problems
* reduced mental capacity

44
Q

4. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition

result of stunted growth, wasting, poor motor development, behavioral problems, reduced metal capacity leads to the
life stage undernourished adolescent

A

result:
* stunted growth
* low strength development
* reduced mental capacity
* poor work capacity

45
Q

5. life stage and result of chronic undernutrition

result of stunted growth, low strength development, reduced mental capacity, poor work capacity leads to the
life stage undernourished pregnant adult

A

result:
low weight gain
leads to higher maternal mortality rate

the cycle starts over

46
Q

in depth: malnutrition

nutrition paradox

A

is charcterized by the coexistence of stunting and overweight/obesity within the same region, the same household, and even the same person

47
Q

in depth: malnutrition

the WHO identifies 2 key factors

A
  • a trend toward decreased physical activity
  • a global shift toward increased consumption of energy dense foods
48
Q

in depth: malnutrition

poverty-obesity

A

paradox occurs when obesity is more prevalent in low-income populations

49
Q

in depth: malnutrition– poverty-obesity

some researchers hava also observed a so called hunger-obesity paradox in which

A

low income people are obese while also deficient in one or more nutrients

50
Q

in depth: malnutrition

food deserts

A

also contribute to malnutrition and poor food access

51
Q

in depth: malnutrition– food deserts

characterized as geographic areas where people lack access to

A
  • fresh
  • healthful
  • affordable food

Health Disease & Nutrition (14 decks)

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