Ch. 4 preventable and health promoting behaviour Flashcards
uninentional injuries
one of the main causes of preventable death
road traffic injuries
leading cause of death among children
preventable injuries among indigenous people
6% of non indigenous population die from injuries, 26% of deaths among indigenous is because of injuries
social inequalities of indigenous peoples
fewer years of education, higher levels of employment, lower average incomes than other Canadians, living conditions
breast cancer screening
prevalence of breast cancer remain high, detected in women over 40 and early detection through mammograms that improve survival rates
getting women to obtain mammograms
changing attitudes (people had anxiety)
theory of planned behaviour used to predict mammogram compliance
prostate cancer
most common cancer among men, third leading cause of cancer deaths, increases with age, family history and african ethnicity
prostate cancer screening
Digital rectal exam - finger up anus to feel prostate, lots of false negatives and false positives
Prostate screening antigen - an antigen that is in blood of men that is a biological marker for prostate cancer
colorectal cancer
second highest cause of cancer deaths in canada. Screening uses colenosphy
skin cancer
among the most common and preventable cancers, sun safety procedures increase with age and educational interventions have been designed to alert people to the risks of skin cancer
aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that stimulates and strengthens the heart and lungs improving the body’s utilization of oxygen. High intensity, long duration, requisite high endurance
benefit of exercise
decreased risk of chronic disease and some cancers such as hypertension and CVD,
decrease risk of type 2 diabetes,
how much exercise is needed
aim for 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous exercise
determinants of regular exercise
smoking, being overweight, and teen pregnancy account for decline in physical activity,
people that perceive themselves as athletic or enjoy their form of exercise
characteristics of interventions
theory of planned behaviour can help explain participation
cognitive behaviour strategies can promote adherence
transtheoretical model of behaviour suggest that interventions should be targeted to the individuals stage
individualized exercise programs
why diet is important
diet is an important and controllable risk factor for many of the leading causes of death and contributes substantially to risk factors for diseases as well. Dietary change is critical for those already at risk
resistance to modifying diet
choice may not be self-motivated, problem of maintaining change, stress has direct effect and some changes may alter mood and personality
regulation of eating:
taste “chemical gatekeeper” of eating
leptin and insulin are important hormones that control eating
leptin signals hypothalamus as to whether the body has sufficient energy stores, Ghrelin may explain why dieters gain their lost weight back
a malfunctioning ventromedial hypothalamus interferes with normal eating habits
Ghrelin
makes you feel hungry
leptin
feeling full
obesity
an excessive accumulation of body fat
where the fat is
abdominally localized fat is an especially potent risk factor for cardiovasular disease, diabetes, hypertension and cancer
risks of obesity
risk factor for many disorders, increase death rates for cancer, surgery and anesthesia, “blame and shame”
obesity in childhood
23% of children are overweight and 14% obese in Canada, genetics, number and size of fat cells SES and culture
weight loss strategies and treatment
motivations to lose weight include health concerns, eliminating food bingeing (dieting and surgery), multimodal approach
multimodal approach
screening, self monitoring, control overeating, controlling self talk, social support and relapse prevention
public health approach to weight management
take into account social and environmental determinants of obesity as well as individual and behavioural determinants.
sleep stage 1
4-5%, light sleep, muscle activity slows down, occasional muscle twitch
sleep stage 2
45-55%, breathing pattern and heart rate slows, slight decrease in body temperature
sleep stage 3
4-6% deep sleep begins, brain begins to generate slower delta waves
sleep stage 4
12-55%, very deep sleep, rhythmic breathing, limited muscle activity. brain produces delta waves
sleep stage 5
20-25%, rapid eye movement, brainwaves speed up and dreaming occurs, muscles relax and heart rate increases, breathing is rapid and shallow
how is sleep related to health
fewer than 7 hours of sleep a night affect cognitive functioning, mood, performance in work and quality of life
chronic partial sleep can compromise the ability to secrete and respond to insulin
sleep may play a role in adaptive self regulation
poor sleep can interefer with appetite regulation and contribute to obesity
