Ch. 4 preventable and health promoting behaviour

Question 1

uninentional injuries

Answer 1

one of the main causes of preventable death

Question 2

road traffic injuries

Answer 2

leading cause of death among children

Question 3

preventable injuries among indigenous people

Answer 3

6% of non indigenous population die from injuries, 26% of deaths among indigenous is because of injuries

Question 4

social inequalities of indigenous peoples

Answer 4

fewer years of education, higher levels of employment, lower average incomes than other Canadians, living conditions

Question 5

breast cancer screening

Answer 5

prevalence of breast cancer remain high, detected in women over 40 and early detection through mammograms that improve survival rates

Question 6

getting women to obtain mammograms

Answer 6

changing attitudes (people had anxiety)
theory of planned behaviour used to predict mammogram compliance

Question 7

prostate cancer

Answer 7

most common cancer among men, third leading cause of cancer deaths, increases with age, family history and african ethnicity

Question 8

prostate cancer screening

Answer 8

Digital rectal exam - finger up anus to feel prostate, lots of false negatives and false positives
Prostate screening antigen - an antigen that is in blood of men that is a biological marker for prostate cancer

Question 9

colorectal cancer

Answer 9

second highest cause of cancer deaths in canada. Screening uses colenosphy

Question 10

skin cancer

Answer 10

among the most common and preventable cancers, sun safety procedures increase with age and educational interventions have been designed to alert people to the risks of skin cancer

Question 11

aerobic exercise

Answer 11

sustained exercise that stimulates and strengthens the heart and lungs improving the body’s utilization of oxygen. High intensity, long duration, requisite high endurance

Question 12

benefit of exercise

Answer 12

decreased risk of chronic disease and some cancers such as hypertension and CVD,
decrease risk of type 2 diabetes,

Question 13

how much exercise is needed

Answer 13

aim for 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous exercise

Question 14

determinants of regular exercise

Answer 14

smoking, being overweight, and teen pregnancy account for decline in physical activity,
people that perceive themselves as athletic or enjoy their form of exercise

Question 15

characteristics of interventions

Answer 15

theory of planned behaviour can help explain participation
cognitive behaviour strategies can promote adherence
transtheoretical model of behaviour suggest that interventions should be targeted to the individuals stage
individualized exercise programs

Question 16

why diet is important

Answer 16

diet is an important and controllable risk factor for many of the leading causes of death and contributes substantially to risk factors for diseases as well. Dietary change is critical for those already at risk

Question 17

resistance to modifying diet

Answer 17

choice may not be self-motivated, problem of maintaining change, stress has direct effect and some changes may alter mood and personality

Question 18

regulation of eating:

Answer 18

taste “chemical gatekeeper” of eating
leptin and insulin are important hormones that control eating
leptin signals hypothalamus as to whether the body has sufficient energy stores, Ghrelin may explain why dieters gain their lost weight back
a malfunctioning ventromedial hypothalamus interferes with normal eating habits

Question 19

Ghrelin

Answer 19

makes you feel hungry

Question 20

leptin

Answer 20

feeling full

Question 21

obesity

Answer 21

an excessive accumulation of body fat

Question 22

where the fat is

Answer 22

abdominally localized fat is an especially potent risk factor for cardiovasular disease, diabetes, hypertension and cancer

Question 23

risks of obesity

Answer 23

risk factor for many disorders, increase death rates for cancer, surgery and anesthesia, “blame and shame”

Question 24

obesity in childhood

Answer 24

23% of children are overweight and 14% obese in Canada, genetics, number and size of fat cells SES and culture

Question 25

weight loss strategies and treatment

Answer 25

motivations to lose weight include health concerns, eliminating food bingeing (dieting and surgery), multimodal approach

Question 26

multimodal approach

Answer 26

screening, self monitoring, control overeating, controlling self talk, social support and relapse prevention

Question 27

public health approach to weight management

Answer 27

take into account social and environmental determinants of obesity as well as individual and behavioural determinants.

Question 28

sleep stage 1

Answer 28

4-5%, light sleep, muscle activity slows down, occasional muscle twitch

Question 29

sleep stage 2

Answer 29

45-55%, breathing pattern and heart rate slows, slight decrease in body temperature

Question 30

sleep stage 3

Answer 30

4-6% deep sleep begins, brain begins to generate slower delta waves

Question 31

sleep stage 4

Answer 31

12-55%, very deep sleep, rhythmic breathing, limited muscle activity. brain produces delta waves

Question 32

sleep stage 5

Answer 32

20-25%, rapid eye movement, brainwaves speed up and dreaming occurs, muscles relax and heart rate increases, breathing is rapid and shallow

Question 33

how is sleep related to health

Answer 33

fewer than 7 hours of sleep a night affect cognitive functioning, mood, performance in work and quality of life
chronic partial sleep can compromise the ability to secrete and respond to insulin
sleep may play a role in adaptive self regulation
poor sleep can interefer with appetite regulation and contribute to obesity