Ch. 1 Introduction to Health Psychology

Question 1

Health Psychology

Answer 1

devoted to understanding psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why people become ill, and how they respond when they do get ill. All aspects of health across a lifespand

Question 2

what is health

Answer 2

a complete state of physcial, mental and social well-being and not merely the absense of disease or infirmity

Question 3

Health Psychology represents

Answer 3

the educational, scientific and professional contributions of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health.
the prevention and treatment of illness
the identification of the causes and correlates of health and illness
the improvement of the health care system and the formulation of health policy

Question 4

what influences health

Answer 4

behaviours, habits and patterns

Question 5

Mind and body were considered a unit in the earliest times

Answer 5

disease arose when evil spirits entered the body

Question 6

Greeks

Answer 6

identify the role of bodily functioning in health and illness, humours

Question 7

middle ages explanation

Answer 7

super natural, gods punishment for evil doing

Question 8

mind is part of the body

Answer 8

health care system makes it look like there is a difference, not always the case

Question 9

Descartes

Answer 9

mind and body is separate

Question 10

trephination

Answer 10

hole in brain to release evil spirit used in the earliest times

Question 11

Freuds early work on conversion hysteria

Answer 11

unconscious conflicts cproduce physcial distrubances that symbolize the repressed psychological conflicts

Question 12

Psychosomatic medicine (Dunbar and Alexander)

Answer 12

profiles of disorders thought to be psychosomatic in origin (eg. anxiety and stress causing ulcers). Helped shape beleif that bodily disorders are caused by emotional conflicts

Question 13

behavioural medicine

Answer 13

developed to address this need by focusing on objective and clinically relevant interventions that would demonstrate the connections between body and mind

Question 14

Current views of the mind and body relationship

Answer 14

physcial health is inextricably woven with the psychologicala nd social environment. Staying well is hevily determined by good health habits and socially determined factors

Question 15

biomedical model

Answer 15

all illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic bodily processes; psychological and social processes are relevant to disease process. Assumes mind-body dualism, emphasis on illness over health, single causal factor considered

Question 16

biopsychosocial modal

Answer 16

health and illness are consequences of the interplay of biological, psychological and social factors, macro and micro level. Multiple causal factors considered. Mind and body inseparatable. Emphasis on both health and illness

Question 17

biopsychosocial advantages

Answer 17

macro and micro level processes interact to produce state of health or illness
mind and body cannot be distinguished
levels are liked hierarchically, change in one, with change the others

Question 18

social determinants of health

Answer 18

aboriginal status, disability, early life expereinces, education, employment and work condisions, food insecurity, health services, gender, housing, income and income distribution, race, social exclusion, social saftey net, job security

Question 19

low socio-economic status with high diseases

Answer 19

more likely to suffer

Question 20

Clinical implications of psychosocial model

Answer 20

Diagnosis should always consider biological, psychological, and social factors in essessing an individual’s health and illness
recommendations for treatment must examine all three sets of factors
significance of the relationship between patient and practitioner

Question 21

Why is the field of health psychology needed

Answer 21

Change of illness patterns: created a need for understanding and affecting lifestyle factors.
Improves lifespan

Question 22

Epidemiology

Answer 22

study of the frequency, distribution, and causes of infectious and noninfectious diseases in a population. Can predict what diseases may be the most prominent in a couple decades

Question 23

morbidity

Answer 23

refers to the number of cases a disease that exists at some given point of time

Question 24

mortality

Answer 24

refers to numbers of death due to a particular cause

Question 25

prevalence

Answer 25

right now how many cases there arei

Question 26

Incidence

Answer 26

causes there are through a particular period of time

Question 27

Changing perspectives on health and healthcare

Answer 27

definition of health has continued to evolve.

Question 28

Lalonde report of four factors that we should be focusing on,

Answer 28

human biology, environment, lifestyle and health care organization

Question 29

public health promotion perspectives

Answer 29

shaped how we view factors that continue to canadians health

Question 30

Health Psychologists

Answer 30

can intervene with treatment after people have been diagnosed and need a support system that follows through for lifestyle

Question 31

Caregivers

Answer 31

recognized that psychological and social factors are important in health and illness

Question 32

Demonstrated contributions to health

Answer 32

Health psychologists have developed and tested a variety of short-term behavioural interventions to address a wild variety of health related problems