Ch 4: Lifestyle and Career Development

Question 1

4.1

• *1. __________ is considered the “father” of career guidance.**
  a. Frank Parsons
  b. George Merrill
  c. Donald Super
  d. Mark Savickas

Answer 1

a. Frank Parsons

Question 2

2. The ____________ is a division of ACA that strives to
promote individuals’ career development throughout the
lifespan.
a. National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA)
b. American Personnel and Guidance Association
(APGA)
c. National Career Development Association (NCDA)
d. National Employment Counseling Association
(NECA)

Answer 2

c. National Career Development Association (NCDA)

Question 3

3. According to the NCDA Code of Ethics, which of the following behaviors is considered unacceptable when using
the Internet?
a. Refusing to provide services to a client who refuses to
self-identify
b. Referring a client to an online job posting site that
lists valid openings and appropriate employer contact
information
c. Informing clients of the issues and limitations related
to maintaining confidentiality when using career
technology
d. Using mass e-mails to advertise career counseling services and solicit new clients.

Answer 3

d. Using mass e-mails to advertise career counseling services and solicit new clients.

Question 4

• *4. The __________ allows employees to take up to 12 weeks**
• *of unpaid leave when they are unable to perform their job,**
• *need to care for a sick family member, or need to provide**
• *care to a child.**
  a. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938
  b. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
  c. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
  d. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Answer 4

b. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993

Question 5

• *5. The Minnesota point of view, developed by Edmund**
• *Williamson, is considered to be a(n) __________ counseling approach.**
  a. developmental
  b. computerized
  c. directive
  d. Rogerian

Answer 5

c. directive

Question 6

4.2

• *1. Kate is the primary caregiver to her elderly mother.**
• *Lately, Kate has had a difficult time focusing on her tasks at work because she is constantly worried about her mother’s health. Kate is most likely experiencing**
  a. a lack of job satisfaction.
  b. role spillover.
  c. low career adaptability.
  d. role conflict.

Answer 6

b. role spillover.

Question 7

• *2. Expressed interests refer to**
  a. the activities in which people engage.
  b. interests that are verbally reported.
  c. an individual’s knowledge of a specific topic.
  d. activities individuals hurry to complete.

Answer 7

b. interests that are verbally reported.

Question 8

3. Occupational stress has been linked to
a. a decrease in physical symptoms and an increase in
psychological symptoms.
b. increased self-efficacy.
c. a decrease in risky behaviors.
d. burnout.

Answer 8

d. burnout.

Question 9

4. Which of the following is NOT true regarding self-efficacy?
a. People will be more likely to engage in a work behavior or task if they believe they can succeed.
b. Persons with high self-efficacy tend to perform at
higher levels than those with low self-efficacy.
c. Individuals with low self-efficacy may overestimate
their actual abilities.
d. Persons with low self-efficacy may avoid making
career decisions.

Answer 9

c. Individuals with low self-efficacy may overestimate
their actual abilities.

Question 10

• *5. Salary, benefits, and job security are three examples of**
  a. lifestyle values.
  b. extrinsic work values.
  c. cultural values.
  d. intrinsic work values.

Answer 10

b. extrinsic work values.

Question 11

4.3

• *1. According to career trait and factor theory, clients are to**
• *integrate self-understanding and ____________________**
• *in order to make a career decision that will lead to**
• *satisfaction.**
  a. knowledge of the work environment
  b. ability
  c. values
  d. intuition

Answer 11

a. knowledge of the work environment

Question 12

• *2. ____________________ refers to an employee’s contentment with the work environment. ____________________**
• *describes the employer’s satisfaction with an individual’s**
• *job performance.**
  a. Tenure; Satisfaction
  b. Satisfaction; Satisfactoriness
  c. Satisfaction; Tenure
  d. Satisfactoriness; Satisfaction

Answer 12

b. Satisfaction; Satisfactoriness

Question 13

• *3. According to Holland’s theory of types, the personality**
• *type IAS is most congruent with which of the following**
• *work environments?**
  a. IRE
  b. ECS
  c. IAS
  d. IAE

Answer 13

c. IAS

Question 14

• *4. According to the Myers-Briggs type theory, an individual**
• *who uses logic and analysis to make decisions uses which**
• *information-gathering style?**
  a. Feeling
  b. Sensing
  c. Judging
  d. Thinking

Answer 14

d. Thinking

Question 15

5. For a person with the Myers-Briggs typology INTP, N
indicates
a. an interest in one’s inner world.
b. the use of insight to make meaning of the events in
one’s world.
c. the use of the five senses to take in information about
the events in one’s world.
d. the need to weigh many facts before reaching a
decision.

Answer 15

b. the use of insight to make meaning of the events in
one’s world.

Question 16

4.4

• *1. Gottfredson emphasizes the role that ____________ play in**
• *making career decisions.**
  a. transitions and crises
  b. gender and prestige
  c. self-concept and life roles
  d. accessibility and race

Answer 16

b. gender and prestige

Question 17

• *2. Ann was promoted to a senior analyst position a year**
• *ago. This past year, she attended several continuing education workshops to update her skills and stay abreast of**
• *the new developments in the field. According to Super’s**
• *lifespan, life–space career theory, in what developmental**
• *stage is Ann?**
  a. Growth
  b. Establishment
  c. Maintenance
  d. Implementing

Answer 17

c. Maintenance

Question 18

3. Super recognized that individuals can recycle through the
various stages during their lifetime, re-entering a stage
that they have been through before. Which of the following scenarios is an example of recycling?
a. An employee is promoted to vice president of his company and has to learn new skills.
b. An employee retires after 30 years of working in the
health care industry.
c. A recent college graduate enters the workforce and
begins working in the education field.
d. An employee loses her job in construction after 15
years and begins taking classes at the local college to
pursue a career in architecture.

Answer 18

d. An employee loses her job in construction after 15
years and begins taking classes at the local college to
pursue a career in architecture.

Question 19

• *4. Hopson and Adams’s model of adult transitions proposes**
• *that crises are usually**
  a. nonevents and involuntary.
  b. unanticipated and involuntary.
  c. voluntary and anticipated.
  d. chronic hassles and unanticipated.

Answer 19

b. unanticipated and involuntary.

Question 20

• *5. Nine-year-old Suzie tells her father that she cannot be a**
• *plumber when she grows up because only boys are plumbers. Suzie is demonstrating which of following concepts**
• *from Gottfredson’s theory?**
  a. Compromise
  b. Career adaptability
  c. Circumscription
  d. Career maturity

Answer 20

c. Circumscription

Question 21

4.5

• *1. Which career theory emphasizes the role of self-efficacy**
• *in career decision making?**
  a. Roe’s relational theory
  b. Gelatt’s decision-making model
  c. Social cognitive career theory
  d. Janis and Mann’s conflict model of decision making

Answer 21

c. Social cognitive career theory

Question 22

• *2. According to social cognitive career theory, which of the**
• *following is an example of a proximal factor that may**
• *influence a client’s career decision?**
  a. The client’s sexual orientation
  b. Cultural expectations of heteronormativity
  c. Access to a master’s program at a four-year university
  d. The client’s genetic predispositions

Answer 22

c. Access to a master’s program at a four-year university

Question 23

• *3. Jenna is a second-semester sophomore and needs to**
• *declare her major by the end of the semester, but she**
• *remains undecided. Her academic advisor has suggested**
• *that she research career and major information to help her**
• *reach a decision. However, Jenna has been putting off this**
• *task for several months and still has not made a decision.**
• *Jenna is displaying**
  a. unconflicted change.
  b. defensive avoidance.
  c. hypervigilance.
  d. vigilance.

Answer 23

b. defensive avoidance.

Question 24

• *4. Kelly (2013) proposed that individuals develop**
• *____________ that assist them in finding purpose at work,**
• *evaluating career decisions and tasks, and developing a**
• *sense of identity through work.**
  a. career narratives
  b. task approach skills
  c. life themes
  d. vocational constructs

Answer 24

d. vocational constructs

Question 25

• *5. Both Krumboltz’s social learning theory and ____________**
• *stress the influence of chance events on an individual’s**
• *career trajectory.**
  a. chaos theory of careers
  b. integrative life planning
  c. career construction theory
  d. cognitive information process approach

Answer 25

a. chaos theory of careers

Question 26

4.6

1. If a client is administered My Vocational Situation (MVS)
and receives a low score on the Barriers scale, he or she
may
a. have a high need for educational information.
b. be having difficulty obtaining needed education and/
or training.
c. not have a clear and stable view of personal vocational
goals.
d. face few vocational barriers.

Answer 26

b. be having difficulty obtaining needed education and/
or training.

Question 27

• *2. Which of the following assessments is based on Holland’s**
• *hexagon model and is self-administered, self-scored, and**
• *self-interpreted?**
  a. Self-Directed Search
  b. Vocational Preference Inventory
  c. My Vocational Situation
  d. Career Development Inventory

Answer 27

a. Self-Directed Search

Question 28

• *3. Which inventory would you administer to determine**
• *whether a client is experiencing decision-making confusion, commitment anxiety, and/or external conflict in**
• *regard to vocational decision making?**
  a. Career Beliefs Inventory
  b. Career Transitions Inventory
  c. Career Thoughts Inventory
  d. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 28

c. Career Thoughts Inventory

Question 29

• *4. ____________ inventories reveal what an individual finds**
• *enjoyable and motivating but do not necessarily correlate**
• *with ability or job success.**
  a. Interest
  b. Personality
  c. Values
  d. Career development

Answer 29

a. Interest

Question 30

• *5. ____________ is NOT one of the four temperaments**
• *included in the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II.**
  a. Artisan
  b. Guardian
  c. Scientist
  d. Idealist

Answer 30

c. Scientist

Question 31

4.7

• *1. The helping field is one occupation that is projected to**
• *have the fastest growth rate over the next decade. This**
• *growth is due to ____________ needs as the demand for**
• *counselors, psychologist, and social workers exceeds**
• *the current number of professionals working in the**
• *field.**
  a. replacement
  b. workforce
  c. population
  d. growth

Answer 31

d. growth

Question 32

• *2. Janet is a stay-at-home mom, who is not actively seeking**
• *employment outside of her home. Janet is part of the**
  a. nonlabor force.
  b. SAHM group.
  c. workforce.
  d. unemployed group.

Answer 32

a. nonlabor force.

Question 33

• *3. In order to provide clients with high quality occupational**
• *information, counselors should ensure that occupational**
• *information is all of the following EXCEPT:**
  a. is accurate and free from bias or stereotyping.
  b. is presented in a clear and concise manner.
  c. is less than 10 years old.
  d. specifies the intended purpose and target audience.

Answer 33

c. is less than 10 years old.

Question 34

• *4. Stan would like to research occupations using the Standard**
• *Occupational Classification System. Which of the following sources of occupational information should he use?**
  a. The Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)
  b. Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
  c. Choices Explorer
  d. The Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE)

Answer 34

b. Occupational Information Network (O*NET)

Question 35

• *5. Jason is a middle school counselor who would like to**
• *implement a computer-assisted career guidance system**
• *at his school that will be able to match students’ self-assessment results to occupational information. Which**
• *of the following would be best suited for Jason’s needs?**
  a. System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI 3)
  b. Choices
  c. DISCOVER
  d. Occupational Information Network (O*NET)

Answer 35

b. Choices

Question 36

4.8

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE of career
counseling?
a. Career counseling does not address client personal
issues.
b. At times career counseling focuses on a client’s mental
health issues rather than career-related issues.
c. Career counseling does not involve the use of the basic
helping skills (e.g., paraphrasing, reflecting).
d. Career counseling is similar to personal counseling,
but in career counseling a client’s career-related issues
remain the central focus of the counseling process.

Answer 36

• *d. Career counseling is similar to personal counseling,**
• *but in career counseling a client’s career-related issues**
• *remain the central focus of the counseling process.**

Question 37

2. In the middle phase of career counseling, the counselor
a. establishes the therapeutic alliance.
b. reviews the client’s progress and prepares the client for
future challenges.
c. develops an action plan and provides interventions to
address the client’s concerns.
d. gathers information about the client’s significant work
and life experiences.

Answer 37

c. develops an action plan and provides interventions to
address the client’s concerns.

Question 38

• *3. Jamie’s counselor has her complete a pictorial diagram of**
• *familial relationships to understand how family members**
• *have influenced her career development. The name of this**
• *technique is**
  a. a vocational card sort.
  b. a career genogram.
  c. guided imagery.
  d. informational interviewing.

Answer 38

b. a career genogram.

Question 39

• *4. In career counseling, interventions**
  a. are employed in the termination phase of counseling.
  b. can only be implemented in a group setting.
  c. can address issues related to career exploration, vocational decision making, and career transitions.
  d. are not driven by one particular theoretical approach.

Answer 39

c. can address issues related to career exploration, vocational decision making, and career transitions.

Question 40

• *5. ____________ uses the power of the imagination to help clients gain insight into their vocational interests.**
  a. Guided imagery
  b. Career genogram
  c. Job shadowing
  d. Vocational card sort

Answer 40

a. Guided imagery

Question 41

4.9

1. Which of the following statements is an example of an
objective for a career counseling program?
a. This program assists clients in improving their quality
of life.
b. This program’s intention is to serve the career
needs of individuals with mental health in the
community.
c. This program will decrease client barriers to employment, as measured by My Vocational Situation, by the
termination session.
d. To assess the career needs of the international students enrolled in post-graduate program’s at four-year
universities.

Answer 41

c. This program will decrease client barriers to employment, as measured by My Vocational Situation, by the
termination session.

Question 42

• *2. Tim is planning to evaluate a program he developed for**
• *women re-entering the workforce. He would like to assess**
• *the degree to which participants were engaged in the**
• *program’s activities. According to Dane and Schneider**
• *(1999), Tim needs to assess**
  a. program adherence.
  b. program exposure.
  c. program quality.
  d. participant responsiveness

Answer 42

d. participant responsiveness

Question 43

• *3. ____________ is NOT included in the program planning**
• *phase.**
  a. Conducting a needs assessment
  b. Defining the target population
  c. Marketing and promoting the program
  d. Establishing program goals and objectives

Answer 43

c. Marketing and promoting the program

Question 44

4. When defining a target population to be served by the
program, counselors should
a. consider demographics such as age, race, SES, and
gender.
b. explore the population’s perception of the problem.
c. determine whether or not the population’s needs are
being met by an existing program.
d. determine the community’s need for a career development program.

Answer 44

a. consider demographics such as age, race, SES, and
gender.

Question 45

5. Program evaluation can
a. identify gaps between services that exist and community needs.
b. assess the effectiveness of the program in meeting its
goals and objectives.
c. establish program goals and objectives.
d. All of the above.

Answer 45

b. assess the effectiveness of the program in meeting its
goals and objectives.