Ch 2: Social and Cultural Diversity

Question 1

1. Labeling clients as resistant because they do not make eye contact during a counseling session might be an example of
   a. cultural encapsulation
   b. emic perspective
   c. chronemics
   d. enculturation

Answer 1

a. cultural encapsulation

Question 2

2. An individual fidgeting during a counseling session is an example of what form of nonverbal communication?
   a. chronemics
   b. kinesics
   c. context communication
   d. proxemics

Answer 2

b. kinesics

Question 3

3. After spending 5 years in the United States, Maya believes she no longer belongs in her home culture and does not fit in the host culture. Which acculturation model best describes her acculturation level?

a. assimilation
b. biculturalism
c. separation
d. marginalization

Answer 3

d. marginalization

Question 4

4. The worldview that the environment is accountable for the consequences that occur is best captured by which of Sue’s (1978) dimensions?

a. Locus of responsibility
b. Locus of control
c. Activity
d. Relationship to nature

Answer 4

a. locus of responsibility

Question 5

5. Which of the following statements is least likely true about the multicultural and social justice counseling competencies framework (Ratts et al., 2015)?

a. the counseling relationship domain refers to the process of a counselor and client navigating their degree of power associated with cultural identity statuses to develop an effective working alliance
b. the client worldview domain includes standards that promote culturally affirmative attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action
c. the counseling and advocacy interventions domain includes standards that promote culturally affirmative attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action
d. the counseling and advocacy interventions domain includes intrapersonal actions that support social justice

Answer 5

c. the counseling and advocacy interventions domain includes standards that promote culturally affirmative attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action

Question 6

1. The faith that focuses on karma and the deity Brahman is

a. Buddhism.
b. Taoism.
c. Islam.
d. Hinduism.

Answer 6

d. Hinduism

Question 7

2. Erika is able to meet current expenses, can plan for her financial future, but is not necessarily wealthy. Which socioeconomic status most likely describes her?

a. Upper class
b. Middle class
c. Working class
d. Underclass

Answer 7

b. middle class

Question 8

3. The view that one’s own culture is preferential to evaluate another’s culture is called

a. classism.
b. racism.
c. colorism.
d. ethnocentrism.

Answer 8

d. ethnocentrism

Question 9

4. Robert, biologically a male at birth, has presented to counseling to help him process his feelings associated with being more aligned with traditionally feminine characteristics. Which of the following orientation categories would LEAST likely describe Robert?

a. Homosexual
b. Questioning
c. Transgender
d. Transgender and Gender Nonconforming

Answer 9

a. homosexual

Question 10

1. Tertiary oppression is
   a. internalized oppression.
   b. not helping another who is being oppressed.
   c. committing covert acts of oppression.
   d. benefiting from oppression.

Answer 10

a. internalized oppression

Question 11

2. A resilience characteristic is

a. using substances to keep oneself calm from discrimination.
b. having a supportive social network.
c. living in an unsafe community.
d. not being able to bounce back.

Answer 11

b. having a supportive social network

Question 12

3. White privilege typically includes each of the following EXCEPT

a. seeing one’s race represented positively in the media.
b. being able to obtain work easily.
c. being free from much oppression based on race.
d. being discriminated against due to being in the majority

Answer 12

d. being discriminated against due to being in the majority

Question 13

4. An example of institutional racism is most likely which of the following?

a. Lack of use of African American designs in modern architecture
b. Placing a Latino student in a special education course because a teacher views his English as inferior
c. Limited representation of positively represented people of color in history textbooks
d. Portraying Jesus in the Christian faith as White only

Answer 13

c. Limited representation of positively represented people of color in history textbooks

Question 14

5. Working for the collective good of society refers to which tenet of social justice?

a. Equity
b. Harmony
c. Access
d. Participation

Answer 14

b. harmony

Question 15

1. Which identity development model includes Encounter, Immersion–Emersion, and Internalization as some of its statuses?

a. McCarn and Fassinger’s lesbian and gay identity development model
b. Cross’s Nigrescence model
c. Hardiman’s White racial identity development model
d. Helms’s White racial identity development model

Answer 15

b. Cross’s Nigrescence model

Question 16

2. According to Helms’ racial interaction theory, a racial interaction in which an individual of a lower racial identity status holds more social power over an individual would be considered a(n)

a. parallel interaction.
b. progressive interaction.
c. autonomous interaction.
d. regressive interaction

Answer 16

d. regressive interaction

Question 17

3. Which of the following best describes the developmental issues of feminist identity development models?

a. Women must relinquish their gender privilege.
b. Men are to actively commit to support networks that include women.
c. Women are to accept traditional gender roles for men and women.
d. Women grow psychologically as they address sexism

Answer 17

d. women grow psychologically as they address sexism

Question 18

4. One of the most popular sexual identity development models that was often used in developing other identity development models was developed by

a. Troiden.
b. Coleman.
c. Cass.
d. Weinberg.

Answer 18

c. Cass

Question 19

5. Mary becomes angry with God after the death of her close friend, and she questions herself as a spiritual person. What spiritual identity development status (Poll & Smith, 2003) best characterizes Mary?

a. Recognition
b. Awakening
c. Pre-Awakening
d. Integration

Answer 19

b. awakening

Question 20

1. __________ comprise the smallest percentage of the U.S. population.

a. Native Americans
b. African Americans
c. Asian Americans
d. European Americans

Answer 20

a. native americans

Question 21

2. Filial piety regarding family applies most closely to which cultural group?

a. Latin Americans
b. African Americans
c. Native Americans
d. Asian Americans

Answer 21

d. Asian Americans

Question 22

3. Kelsey, an African American female, presents for counseling to address dual-career issues with her partner. Which of the following cultural value considerations would least likely be prioritized in counseling?

a. Degree of egalitarianism in the partnership
b. Needs of Kelsey as an independent decision-maker
c. Spiritual support for Kelsey
d. Relationships with extended family and her friends

Answer 22

b. Needs of Kelsey as an independent decision-maker

Question 23

4. The largest group making up what constitutes Latin Americans is

a. Puerto Ricans.
b. Muslims.
c. Mexicans.
d. Cubans.

Answer 23

c. mexicans

Question 24

5. Which of these statements best characterize the model minority myth?

a. African Americans who are successful serve as an example that racism has decreased over time.
b. People of color can be positive examples for future generations.
c. Asian Americans’ successes are indicators that they do not experience discrimination.
d. Asian Americans are a heterogeneous group.

Answer 24

c. Asian Americans’ successes are indicators that they do not experience discrimination.

Question 25

1. Feelings of hopefulness and captivation of a new culture are part of the __________ phase of culture shock.

a. Crisis
b. Honeymoon
c. Reorientation
d. Resolution

Answer 25

b. honeymoon

Question 26

2. A cultural group that typically deals with issues with eating disorders and sexually risky behaviors is

a. international students.
b. older adults.
c. transgender individuals.
d. adolescents.

Answer 26

d. adolescents

Question 27

3. Which of the following does not typically characterize the coming out process?

a. Individuals tend to become involved with the sexual minority community prior to sexual acts.
b. Individuals tend to come out during adolescence.
c. The coming out process is embedded within sexual identity development models.
d. The coming out process involves both self-awareness and disclosure of a sexual minority status.

Answer 27

a. individuals tend to become involved with the sexual minority community prior to sexual acts

Question 28

4. Some common issues affecting __________ clients are grief, loss, physical challenges, and terminal illness.

a. adolescent
b. older adult
c. transgender individuals
d. international clients

Answer 28

b. older adult

Question 29

5. Counselors should advocate for

a. reparative therapy.
b. acceptance of sexual minorities.
c. pain therapy.
d. conversion therapy.

Answer 29

b. acceptance of sexual minorities

Question 30

1. The social influence model espouses that a counselor should have __________ for maximum influence.

a. equity
b. creativity
c. spontaneity
d. credibility

Answer 30

d. credibility

Question 31

2. Two forms of feminism are women of color feminism and Black feminism. What is the difference between the two?

a. There is no difference.
b. Women of color feminism embraces all women, regardless of color, and Black feminism focuses mainly on the oppression of African American women.
c. Women of color feminism embraces all women except Whites, and Black feminism was the main movement in the 1980s and focused on career.
d. Women of color feminism focuses on the oppression of African American women, and Black feminism embraces all women, regardless of color.

Answer 31

b. women of color feminism embraces all women, regardless of color, and black feminism focuses mainly on the oppression of African American Women

Question 32

3. Motivational interviewing is mainly based on a Rogerian counseling style, but

a. is also directive.
b. focuses heavily on transference and countertransference.
c. is highly confrontational.
d. focuses on the source of problems

Answer 32

a. is also directive

Question 33

4. Each of the following is correct concerning the acronym OARES, from motivational interviewing, EXCEPT

a. O = Open-Ended Questions.
b. A = Action.
c. R = Reflective Listening.
d. S = Summarize.

Answer 33

b. A = Action

Question 34

5. Motivational interviewing has been primarily used in

a. addictions counseling.
b. feminist counseling.
c. supervision.
d. sociometry

Answer 34

a. addictions counseling