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radiology > ch. 4 exposure factors > Flashcards

ch. 4 exposure factors Flashcards

1
Q

what has to happen in order for the x-ray tube to produce x-rays

A

electrical current to filament and field between cathode and anode

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2
Q

what determines the quality of the beam

A

penetrating power (kVp)

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3
Q

what increases the quantity/intensity of the beam

A

number of x-rays traveling from the tube toward film over a given period of time (mA)

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4
Q

what happens as the mA is increased

A

of electrons released from filament is increased (thermonic emission)

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5
Q

what has a direct relationship with time

A

mA

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6
Q

the period of time x-rays leave the tue

A

exposure time

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7
Q

what is exposure time measured in

A

fractions of seconds

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8
Q

how do you calculate mAs

A

mA multiplied by time

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9
Q

what are advantages to high mA settings (4)

A

shorter exposure time, decreased motion artifacts, examination of thicker areas, decrease personnel exposure

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10
Q

what is the most common artifact in vet medicine

A

motion

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11
Q

what is the highest mA potential

A

1600 mA

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12
Q

what does higher mA capacity mean

A

more power/diversity

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13
Q

what is murphy’s law

A

animal will move when x-ray is taken

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14
Q

what is the quality of x-rays proportional to

A

kinetic energy of electrons reaching target

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15
Q

energy related to motion

A

kinetic energy

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16
Q

maximum energy available during exposure

A

kilovoltage peak

17
Q

what does higher kVp mean (5)

A

more penetration, faster electron acceleration, shorter wavelength, higher % of x-rays reach film, lower mAs (shorter exposure time)

18
Q

what is kVp inversely related to

A

mA

19
Q

a method of estimating kilovoltage in relation to area thickness

A

santes’ rule

20
Q

how do you calculate kVp

A

(2 X thickness)+40

21
Q

FFD

A

focal film distance

22
Q

SID

A

source-image distance

23
Q

what does 40in in santes’ rule represent

A

FFD/SID

24
Q

what is thickness in centimeters measured with

A

caliper

25
Q

what is the starting point for film trays

A

11cm or more

26
Q

what is used for radiographs with film on tabletop

A

10cm or less

27
Q

what is the SID/FFD kept at

A

40 inches

28
Q

SID decrease

A

x-ray intensity increases

29
Q

SID increases

A

x-ray intensity decreases

30
Q

what is the inverse square law

A

intensity inversely proportional to SID

31
Q

how do you calculate new mAs

A

old mAs x [(new SID)2 over (old SID)2]

32
Q

what is the SID usually kept between

A

36-40in

33
Q

varying degree of blackness

A

density

34
Q

measurable distance between two adjacent densities

A

contrast

35
Q

what do x-rays follow the rules of

A

light

36
Q

low mA=

A

less electrons

radiology (7 decks)

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