ch. 1 theory and equipment

Question 1

a positively charged electrode

Answer 1

anode

Question 2

the number of protons in an atoms nucleus

Answer 2

atomic number

Question 3

a negatively charged electrode

Answer 3

cathode

Question 4

a method of transporting energy through space, distinguished by wavelength, frequency, and energy

Answer 4

electromagnetic radiation

Question 5

a negatively charged particle that travels around the nucleus

Answer 5

electron

Question 6

a process in which an electron is moved to a higher energy level within the atom

Answer 6

excitation

Question 7

the ability of a substance to emit visible light

Answer 7

fluorescence

Question 8

the number of cycles of the wave that pass a stationary point in a second

Answer 8

frequency

Question 9

electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus of radioactive substances

Answer 9

gamma rays

Question 10

electromagnetic radiation, beyond the red end of the visible spectrum, characterized by long wavelengths

Answer 10

infrared rays

Question 11

a process in which an outer electron is removed from the atom so that the atom is left positively charged

Answer 11

ionization

Question 12

a neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 12

neutron

Question 13

a bundle of radiant energy

Answer 13

photons (quanta)

Question 14

a positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 14

proton

Question 15

electromagnetic radiation, beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum, that is characterized by short wavelengths

Answer 15

ultraviolet rays

Question 16

an area from which all air has been removed

Answer 16

vacuum

Question 17

the distance between two consecutive corresponding points on a wave

Answer 17

wavelength

Question 18

who discovered X-rays

Answer 18

wilhelm conrad roentgen

Question 19

what was on the first x-ray

Answer 19

his wifes hand

Question 20

who was the true discoverer of x-rays

Answer 20

professor goodspeed

Question 21

what are x-rays

Answer 21

wavelike forms of electromanetic radiation carried by particles (photons)

Question 22

how do x-rays travel

Answer 22

in straight lines

Question 23

what does the amount of absorption of an x-ray depend on

Answer 23

atomic number, physical density of the object, and energy of x-rays

Question 24

what do x-rays do to the substance they pass through

Answer 24

excite or ionize the atoms

Question 25

what is a common target material

Answer 25

tungsten

Question 26

bremsstrahlung aka

Answer 26

breaking radiation

Question 27

what does the glass vacuum tube contain

Answer 27

an electrode pair

Question 28

what does the electrical current heat

Answer 28

filament in the cathode

Question 29

“boiling off” of electrons from cathode filament

Answer 29

thermionic emission

Question 30

how much of E+ created at the target converts to heat

Answer 30

99%

Question 31

how much of E+ is converted into x-ray photon

Answer 31

1%