Ch. 4 - Electrons, Orbitals, and Quantum Numbers Flashcards
What is wave-particle duality?
Electrons can behave as either a wave or a particle, but it’s impossible to show an electron behaving as both at the same time.
Who demonstrated the Uncertainty Principle?
Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s.
What is the Uncertainty Principle?
It is impossible to know the precise location and momentum of an electron at the same time.
What formula represents the Uncertainty Principle?
ΔxΔp ≥ h/4π, where Δx is the uncertainty about position, and Δp is the uncertainty about momentum.
What does the principal quantum number describe?
The orbital’s energy (and therefore its size) and the shell it occupies. (n)
What does the angular momentum quantum number describe?
The orbital’s shape and the subshell it occupies. (l)
What does the magnetic quantum number describe?
The specific orbital within a subshell. (mi)
What are the allowed values for n?
Anything over 0.
What are the allowed values for l?
0, up to one less than n.
What are the allowed values for mi?
Positive and negative values of l, including 0.
What is the principal quantum number for an s orbital?
0
What is the principal quantum number for a p orbital?
1
What is the principal quantum number for a d orbital?
2
What is the principal quantum number for a f orbital?
3
What quantum number determines the number of angular nodes?
l
What are the s orbitals?
s
What are the p orbitals?
px, pz, and py
What are the d orbitals?
dx^2-y^2, dxz, dz^2, dyz, and dxy
