Ch 4 - Behaviours and Attitudes (Exam 1) Flashcards
1
Q
attitudes
A
- our evaluations of individuals, places, objects, and concepts
- can be positive, negative, mixed, or neutral
2
Q
the multicomponent model of attitude
A
- attitudes can arise from 3 dimensions
- affects, behaviours, and cognitions
3
Q
affective attitudes
A
- based on emotions and feelings
- subliminal image/unfamiliar face study
4
Q
cognitive attitudes
A
- thoughts, beliefs, and attributes associated with an attitude object
- develops through conscious assessment
5
Q
genetic contributions to attitudes
A
- predispositions
- innate physical, sensory, or cognitive abilities, as well as personality traits and temperaments that predispose us to develop attitudes
- influence qualities that shape attitude formation
6
Q
learned attitudes
A
- shaped by our exposure to the attitudes of others, our experience, rewards and punishments, and cultural context
7
Q
social learning theory (Bandura)
A
- we learn attitudes by observing and imitating others
8
Q
evaluative conditioning
A
- we learn to evaluate one thing based on its association with another
9
Q
operant conditioning
A
- our environments reward/punish certain behaviours, influencing our attitudes towards those behaviours
10
Q
explicit attitudes
A
- consciously aware of
11
Q
implicit attitudes
A
- unaware of
- automatic and uncontrollable
12
Q
role of the amygdala
A
- may govern our automatic, implicit reactions
- associated with threat perception , shows heightened activity when we automatically evaluate social stimuli
13
Q
theory of planned behaviour
A
- attitudes are just one of three potential predictors of behaviour
- specific attitudes predict specific behaviours
- our perceptions of what others believe we should do
14
Q
perceived behavioural control
A
- our belief in our ability to perform a behaviour
- influences our actions
15
Q
self-perception theory
A
- when individuals are unsure of their attitudes about something, they look to their own behaviours to deduce those attitudes
16
Q
the over justification effect
A
- giving external rewards when intrinsic motivation already exists can lower that intrinsic motivation
17
Q
theory of cognitive dissonance (Leon Festinger)
A
- unpleasant state resulting from conflicting attitudes or inconsistencies between attitude and behaviour
- we are motivated to reduce dissonance/maintain cognitive consistency
18
Q
incongruency between effort and outcome can create ________
A
- dissonance
19
Q
post-decision dissonance
A
- difficult decisions can lead to post-decision dissonance
- we inflate the positive aspects of the decision we chose and inflate the negative aspects of the one we didn’t choose to reduce dissonance
20
Q
4 necessary conditions for cognitive dissonance
A
- discrepant behaviour has negative consequences
- feeling of personal responsibility
- physiological arousal
- attribution of physiological arousal to discrepant behaviour
