Ch 1 - Intro and Research Methods (Exam 1)

Question 1

social influence

Answer 1

• can be direct or indirect
• cultural norms

Question 2

social thinking

Answer 2

• how we think of others and ourselves
• perceptions and beliefs

Question 3

social behaviour

Answer 3

• how we relate to people

Question 4

social interactions are mediated by _______

Answer 4

• interpretations

Question 5

sociology

Answer 5

• social behaviour at a group level
• societal factors and influence on functioning

Question 6

social psychology

Answer 6

• individual level of analysis
• individual thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 7

personality psychology

Answer 7

• individual level
• attempt to explain social behaviours in terms of individual personality differences

Question 8

interactionist perspective

Answer 8

• Kurt Lewin (founder of behaviour psych)
• behaviour is a function of both the person and the environment

Question 9

hindsight bias

Answer 9

• things seem more predictable in hindsight

Question 10

theories

Answer 10

• structured explanation for why something occurred
• generate hypotheses

Question 11

hypothesis

Answer 11

• prediction if theory is correct

Question 12

observational research

Answer 12

• focus on observing and measuring behaviours
• what NOT why

Question 13

naturalistic observation

Answer 13

• not manipulated, natural setting
• not eliciting a behaviour

Question 14

structured obervation

Answer 14

• manipulate environment to encourage behaviour
• lab setting

Question 15

participant observation

Answer 15

• researcher interacts directly with people being measured
• researcher as participant

Question 16

survey research

Answer 16

• describe attitudes, experiences, behaviours etc. of a specific population
• efficient and collects lots of data

Question 17

random selection

Answer 17

• increases generalizability
• equal chance of being selected

Question 18

representativeness

Answer 18

• proportional to population

Question 19

self-report measures

Answer 19

• person responds to questions meant to measure a psychological variable

Question 20

correlational research

Answer 20

• if two variables are naturally associated
• changes in one associated with changes in the other

Question 21

possible causal effects within a correlation

Answer 21

1. direct causation
2. reverse causation
3. third variable

Question 22

experimental research

Answer 22

• examines causal relationship
• manipulation of independent variable
• measurement of dependent variable

Question 23

random assignment

Answer 23

• everyone has an equal chance to conditions of experiment
• controls for potential confounds

Question 24

between participants design

Answer 24

• different participants assigned to each level of the IV

Question 25

within participants design

Answer 25

• same participants experience each level of the IV
• easier, don’t need random assignment
• could have order effects

Question 26

operational defintions

Answer 26

• details the precise method for measuring or manipulating a variable within a study

Question 27

construct validity

Answer 27

• accuracy
• does it measure what it’s supposed to

Question 28

reliability

Answer 28

• consistency
• same measurements under different circumstances

Question 29

a measure can be _____ but not _____

Answer 29

• reliable
• valid

Question 30

internal validity

Answer 30

• level of confidence in the fact that the changes in the DV are directly caused by the manipulation of the IV

Question 31

external validity

Answer 31

• extent to which findings can be generalized