Ch 4-6 Flashcards
(Social Scientific)
Individualized Identity
sense of self independent from group membership
(Social Scientific)
Familial Identity
sense of self as connected to family & others
(Social Scientific)
Spiritual Identity
Identification with feelings of connectednesss to others and higher meanings/forces in life
Avowal
the process by which individuals attribute identities/potray themselves
Ascription
the process by which others attribute identities to them
Minority Identity Development Stages
- Unexamined identity
- Conformity
- Resistence & Separatism (rejection of dominant norms)
- Integration
Majority Identity Development stages
- Unexamined identity
- Acceptence (passive or active) of racist ideology
- Resistence (stop blaming minorities and instead blame fellow members of dominant group)
- Redefiniton (becoming again comfortable in dominant group)
- Integration (strong sense of their group identity & an appreciation for other cutural groups)
Racial identities are not based purely on genetics but more strongly based on…
cultural, historical, and social constructions
Ethnic Identity
Self identification and feeling of belonging within a certain group, combined with knowledge about the traditions, customs, values, and behaviors of that group
Culture Broker
Individuals (usually multicultural ones) who act as bridges to facilitate cross-culture interaction
What are the different reasons someone may hold prejudices?
- The utilitarian function. People hold certain prejudices because they can lead to rewards. (Ex: if friends/family hold prejudices it’s easier to simply to share those attitudes than risk rejection by contradicting them
- The ego-defensive function. People hold certain prejudices because they don’t want to believe unpleasant things about themselves.
- The value-expressive function. People hold certain prejudices because they serve to reinforce aspects of life that are highly valued (ex: all those who dont believe in the Christian God are wrong because of scripture)
- The knowledge function. People hold certain prejudices because such attitudes allow them to organize and structure their world in a way that makes sense to them—in the same way that stereotypes help us organize our world.
Langauge & Perception
The Nominalist Position
perception is not shaped by the particular language one uses but rather view language as “an outer form of thought”
Language & Perception
The Relativist Position
The language one speaks (especially the structure of that language) determines our thought patterns, perception of reality and reveals cultural conceptions.
Language & Perception
Qualified Relativist Position
A combination of the nominalist & relativist positions suggesting that language does not create a conceptual prison but it does influence world perception
Low Context Communication Style
Direct and specific langauage usage
High-context Communication
A communication style in which most information is conveyed primarily beyond the coded, elicit, transmitted part of the message
Sarcasm, tone, knowing glances etc
Low-context communication
a style of communication in which most information is conveyed through elicit, transmitted words.
Direct Communication
Values Low-context communication “Get to the point” “Give it to me straight”
Indirect Communication
Values High-context communication
(Sugar-coating it)
Elaborate Style
involves the use of rich expressive language in everyday communication
Understated Style
values saccinct, simple assertions, and silence
Flight approach
Observe before jumping into a new cultural social situation
Fight Approach
Diving into/confronting a new cultural social situation
Code-switching
The phenomenon of changing languages dialects, or even accents depending on the situation/context
