Ch. 4

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of carbon compounds.

Question 2

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What are valences?

Answer 3

The number of covalent bonds an atom can form.

Question 4

How many valences does O.N.C.H. each have?

Answer 4

O=2
N=3
H=1
C=4

Question 5

Hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 6

Isomer

Answer 6

Compound that have the same number of atoms of the same element but different structures & hence different properties.

Question 7

How many types of isomers are there?

Answer 7

3: structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, and entiomers.

Question 8

Structural isomer

Answer 8

Differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. They may also differ in the location of double bonds.

Question 9

Cis-trans isomer

Answer 9

AKA geometric isomer, the carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of double bonds. Cis isomer the x(remaining molecule) is in the same side. In a trans isomer the x’s are on opposite sides.

Question 10

Entantiomers

Answer 10

Isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon, one that is attached to four different atoms or groups.

Question 11

What are the 6 elements that account for the enormous variety of biological molecules?

Answer 11

(S)ulfur, (P)hosphorus, (O)xygen, (N)itrogen, (C)arbon, and (H)ydrogen.

Question 12

What’s the difference between estradiol and testosterone?

Answer 12

The functional groups attached. Estradiol has an extra hydroxyl group. Testosterone doesn’t. It has a carbonyl group and an extra methyl group attached.