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2024FA BASIC SPEECH (COMM-1315-12) > Ch 4 > Flashcards

Ch 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three broad purposes of a speech?

A

To inform, to persuade, and to inspire (or entertain).

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2
Q

Why is it important to consider both topic and purpose when preparing a speech?

A

It helps to focus the speech content and makes it more audience-centered.

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3
Q

What is the general purpose of an informative speech?

A

To inform the audience about a specific subject.

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4
Q

How can considering the purpose early in speech preparation benefit the speaker?

A

It helps the speaker make strategic decisions about organization, evidence, and visual aids.

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5
Q

What are the two key questions to consider when starting a speech?

A

What value does my topic have for the audience? Why would they consider me a credible source?

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5
Q

What acronym can be used to keep the audience’s perspective in mind?

A

WIIFM (“What’s In It For Me?”).

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6
Q

How are the three speech purposes not mutually exclusive?

A

A persuasive speech can also be informative and entertaining.

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7
Q

What traditional rhetorical process helps guide speech preparation?

A

The canons of rhetoric, especially invention (inventio).

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8
Q

How can audience analysis improve your speech?

A

It helps tailor content to the audience’s interests and needs.

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9
Q

Why should the speaker consider the audience’s needs?

A

Addressing the audience’s needs ensures the speech is relevant and engaging.

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10
Q

What should the speaker aim to answer for the audience in their speech?

A

The questions in the audience’s mind about the topic’s relevance and credibility.

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11
Q

What is the relationship between topic and purpose in speechwriting?

A

The topic provides the subject, while the purpose guides the speech’s direction.

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12
Q

What broad purpose guides a speech designed to change an audience’s actions?

A

The persuasive purpose.

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12
Q

What is one method to make your speech more audience-centered?

A

Answer the WIIFM question for your audience throughout your speech.

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12
Q

What are “topoi” in rhetorical terms?

A

Topoi are questions used to discover arguments and content for a speech.

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13
Q

What broad purpose guides a speech designed to evoke emotional responses?

A

The inspirational purpose.

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13
Q

Why should speakers not focus solely on expressing themselves?

A

Because effective speeches are audience-centered and address the audience’s interests.

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13
Q

What should speakers use to support their speech’s purpose?

A

Strategic evidence, organization, and visual aids.

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14
Q

How can understanding the audience help when deciding on a topic?

A

It helps choose a topic that resonates with the audience’s experiences and concerns.

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15
Q

Why is it important for speakers to reflect on their purpose before speechwriting?

A

It ensures the speech stays focused and achieves its intended outcome.

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16
Q

What are the three elements that help determine the specific purpose of a speech?

A

The speaker’s interests, the audience, and the context.

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17
Q

What is the relationship between the general purpose and specific purpose of a speech?

A

The specific purpose builds on the general purpose to create a focused speech goal.

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18
Q

What is a specific purpose statement?

A

A statement that clearly defines what the speaker intends to accomplish with the audience.

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19
Q

Why should a specific purpose statement be singular and focused?

A

To ensure the speech stays on track and covers one clear idea.

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20
Q

How does the audience factor into creating a specific purpose statement?

A

The speaker must consider the audience’s interests, needs, and relevance to the topic.

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21
Q

What should a speaker avoid including in a specific purpose statement?

A

Multiple topics or purposes connected by “and.”

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22
Q

What format should a specific purpose statement follow?

A

“To [communication verb] my [audience] about [content].”

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23
Q

Give an example of a strong specific purpose statement for an informative speech.

A

“To inform my classmates about the history of NASA’s Shuttle program.”

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24
Q

Why is context important when crafting a specific purpose?

A

Context shapes how the audience will receive the message, based on time, place, and situation.

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25
Q

Why should the specific purpose statement not include persuasive language in an informative speech?

A

It creates confusion between informing and persuading, which are different purposes.

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26
Q

What should a speaker consider when selecting a speech topic?

A

The speaker’s interests, the audience’s needs, and the time available.

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27
Q

How can a speaker refine a broad topic into a manageable specific purpose?

A

By narrowing the focus to a particular aspect of the topic relevant to the audience.

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28
Q

Why is it important for the speaker to connect with the audience’s needs in the specific purpose?

A

To ensure the speech is relevant and engaging for the audience.

28
Q

How should a speaker approach the creation of a specific purpose if the topic is unfamiliar to the audience?

A

By explaining why the topic is valuable or interesting to the audience.

29
Q

Why should a specific purpose statement avoid being too specialized?

A

It may alienate an audience that lacks expertise in the subject matter.

29
Q

What mistake can occur if the speaker chooses a too-broad topic?

A

The speaker may struggle to cover the topic effectively within the time limits.

30
Q

How can a speaker ensure their specific purpose is relevant to the audience?

A

By linking the topic to the audience’s experiences or interests.

31
Q

What is the role of personal interest in forming a specific purpose statement?

A

Personal interest can increase the speaker’s engagement and credibility on the topic.

31
Q

Why is a specific purpose statement not stated directly in the speech?

A

It’s meant as a guide for the speaker, not something to announce to the audience.

32
Q

What is a central idea statement?

A

A statement that reveals the main points and focus of the speech.

33
Q

How can a well-written specific purpose statement help the speaker?

A

It provides clear direction for the speech and ensures the speaker stays focused.

34
Q

How is the central idea statement different from the specific purpose statement?

A

The central idea statement summarizes the main points, while the specific purpose defines the goal.

35
Q

Why must a central idea statement be concise?

A

To clearly communicate the speech’s focus to the audience.

36
Q

When should the central idea statement be introduced in a speech?

A

After the attention-getter and introduction.

37
Q

Why is it important for a central idea statement to use complete sentences?

A

To ensure clarity and completeness of the thought.

37
Q

Should the central idea statement include personal language (e.g., “I” or “you”)?

A

Yes, using personal language makes the statement more engaging and audience-focused.

38
Q

What role does the central idea statement play in guiding the audience?

A

It informs the audience about the key points that will be covered.

39
Q

How does a central idea statement relate to the main points of the speech?

A

It introduces and summarizes the main points the speech will cover.

40
Q

What is an example of a central idea statement for an informative speech about losing a pet?

A

“When elderly persons lose their animal companions, they can experience serious psychological, emotional, and physical effects.”

41
Q

How should a speaker approach revisions to the central idea statement?

A

They should refine the wording to improve clarity and effectiveness but avoid major content changes.

41
Q

Why should the central idea statement avoid being overly complex or wordy?

A

To ensure that the audience can easily understand the speech’s focus.

42
Q

What is an example of a central idea statement for a persuasive speech?

A

“This policy is unjust, impractical, and costly, and fair-minded Americans should actively oppose it.”

43
Q

What should follow the central idea statement in a speech?

A

The preview of main points.

44
Q

What’s the difference between a central idea statement and a thesis in an essay?

A

A central idea statement is less formal and more conversational, using personal language.

45
Q

Why must the central idea statement align with the speech’s specific purpose?

A

To ensure the speech remains focused and fulfills its objective.

46
Q

How many sentences should a central idea statement typically be?

A

No more than two to three sentences.

47
Q

Why is practicing delivery important for the central idea statement?

A

Emphasizing the central idea helps the audience grasp the speech’s focus.

48
Q

What does the central idea statement help the audience understand about the speech?

A

The direction and key points of the speech.

49
Q

Can the central idea statement change during speech preparation?

A

Yes, but it should always reflect the main points clearly.

49
Q

How does a central idea statement help the speaker stay focused?

A

It serves as a guide for what should and should not be included in the speech.

50
Q

How can a specific purpose statement be too focused?

A

It may only be relevant to experts or specialists in the topic.

51
Q

What is the main problem with writing a broad specific purpose statement?

A

It covers too much material for the given time.

52
Q

Why is it problematic to include persuasive content in an informative speech’s specific purpose statement?

A

It confuses the audience about the speech’s goal.

53
Q

What should you avoid including in a specific purpose statement?

A

Multiple topics connected by “and.”

54
Q

What is a common mistake related to the “communication verb” in a specific purpose statement?

A

Using “inform” when the content is clearly persuasive.

55
Q

Why is it important to avoid writing a specific purpose statement as a question?

A

The specific purpose should be a clear declarative statement, not a question.

56
Q

What formatting rule applies to the central idea statement?

A

It should always be a complete sentence.

57
Q

What happens if the speech veers off from the specific purpose?

A

The audience may become confused or the speech will lose focus.

58
Q

Why should a specific purpose statement avoid subjective or slang terms?

A

It can make the speech seem informal or unprofessional.

59
Q

How can a speech get off track from its specific purpose?

A

By introducing unrelated content or diverging from the main points.

60
Q

What mistake can occur if the specific purpose statement is too complex?

A

The speech may cover too much ground and go over the time limit.

61
Q

Why should you not state your specific purpose at the beginning of your speech?

A

It can make the speech sound repetitive and awkward.

62
Q

What is a central problem with overly narrow specific purpose statements?

A

They may alienate an audience that lacks expertise in the subject.

63
Q

How can you fix a specific purpose that covers multiple topics?

A

Choose one topic and focus on that.

64
Q

Why should a central idea statement be emphasized during delivery?

A

So that the audience clearly understands the speech’s main points.

65
Q

How can you avoid confusion between a specific purpose and a central idea statement?

A

Ensure that the specific purpose defines the speech’s goal and the central idea summarizes the main points.

66
Q

What should a central idea statement follow in the introduction?

A

Attention-getting and revealing the topic.

67
Q

What type of content should be avoided in the central idea statement?

A

Complicated or wordy phrasing that obscures the main points.

68
Q

What should be included in a central idea statement to guide the audience?

A

A clear preview of the main points to be covered.

69
Q

Why is it important for the central idea to be memorable and concise?

A

It helps the audience grasp and retain the speech’s focus.

2024FA BASIC SPEECH (COMM-1315-12) (7 decks)

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