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2024FA BASIC SPEECH (COMM-1315-12) > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is audience analysis?

A

he process of understanding the audience’s characteristics to tailor the speech approach and content.

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2
Q

How does audience analysis benefit a speaker?

A

It helps the speaker connect with the audience by making content more relevant and engaging.

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3
Q

What two dimensions of communication did Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson identify?

A

Content dimension and relationship dimension.

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4
Q

What is the goal of audience analysis?

A

To adapt the speech to the audience’s interests, values, and expectations

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5
Q

How can awareness of audience analysis improve your listening skills?

A

It allows you to recognize techniques other speakers use to connect with their audience.

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6
Q

How does audience analysis influence speech construction?

A

It helps in deciding the approach, examples, and supporting materials that will resonate with the audience.

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7
Q

What does it mean to be audience-centered in public speaking?

A

To prioritize the audience’s needs and interests in shaping the speech content and delivery.

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8
Q

What is the content dimension of communication?

A

The actual information or message being conveyed in a speech.

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9
Q

What is the relationship dimension of communication?

A

The connection between the speaker and audience, including trust and respect.

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10
Q

Why is the relationship between the speaker and audience important?

A

Mutual trust and respect between the speaker and audience are crucial for effective communication.

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11
Q

How can understanding audience analysis make you a better listener?

A

It helps you focus on the techniques and strategies used by the speaker to connect with the audience.

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12
Q

What can audience analysis reveal about an audience’s expectations?

A

It provides insights into what the audience expects to gain from the speech.

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13
Q

Why should speakers avoid “dumping” information on the audience?

A

Overloading the audience with information can make the speech less engaging and harder to follow.

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14
Q

How can audience analysis help make a speech more meaningful?

A

By tailoring content to the audience’s interests, values, and background.

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15
Q

What happens when the speaker fails to establish trust with the audience?

A

The audience may not be receptive to the message or engage with the speech.

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16
Q

What are the two primary goals of audience analysis?

A

Understanding the audience’s characteristics and adapting the speech to meet their needs.

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17
Q

How does audience analysis contribute to the effectiveness of a speech?

A

It helps the speaker design content that resonates with the audience, increasing engagement.

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18
Q

How does the content dimension of communication differ from the relationship dimension?

A

The content dimension is about the message, while the relationship dimension focuses on the connection with the audience.

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19
Q

How does audience analysis improve a speaker’s credibility?

A

By demonstrating that the speaker understands and respects the audience’s needs and perspectives.

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20
Q

Why is mutual trust important in public speaking?

A

It enhances the audience’s receptiveness to the speaker’s message.

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21
Q

What are demographic characteristics?

A

Outward traits of an audience, such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, and occupation.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of demographic analysis in public speaking?

A

To understand the audience’s outward traits to tailor the speech content accordingly.

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23
Q

What does it mean to stereotype an audience?

A

Generalizing about a group of people based on one characteristic, assuming all members are the same.

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24
Q

Why is it important to avoid totalizing based on one demographic characteristic?

A

It oversimplifies the audience and leads to ineffective communication.

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24
Q

How can understanding multiple demographic characteristics help a speaker?

A

It allows for a more nuanced and effective approach in addressing audience diversity.

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25
Q

What are some common demographic characteristics?

A

Age, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, group affiliation, region, occupation, and education.

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26
Q

What demographic characteristic is associated with region?

A

Where the audience lives, such as urban, suburban, or rural areas, or regional identity.

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27
Q

How do demographic characteristics influence speech preparation?

A

They guide the selection of topics, examples, and strategies that will resonate with the audience.

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28
Q

Why is it important to recognize the relevance of certain demographic characteristics in different contexts?

A

Not all characteristics will be equally important in every speaking situation.

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29
Q

How does socio-economic level influence audience analysis?

A

It affects what examples and references resonate with the audience, such as lifestyle and financial concerns.

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30
Q

How can occupation as a demographic characteristic affect a speech?

A

It may influence the use of jargon or the topics that are relevant to the audience’s professional interests.

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31
Q

How does gender impact communication styles, according to research?

A

Men tend to communicate more directly, while women often use more detail and qualifiers.

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32
Q

What should a speaker be mindful of when addressing an audience with different family statuses?

A

Family status may affect priorities and interests, influencing how the audience relates to the speech topic.

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33
Q

Why is understanding religious affiliation important in audience analysis?

A

Religion may influence the audience’s values, beliefs, and reactions to certain topics.

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34
Q

How has the concept of demographic characteristics changed over time?

A

Demographic characteristics have evolved with societal changes, such as the rise of internet use and population shifts.

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35
Q

How can age as a demographic characteristic influence speech preparation?

A

Different age groups may have varying concerns, interests, and life experiences.

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36
Q

Why is it important to be aware of changes in audience demographics over time?

A

Demographic characteristics are dynamic and may shift, requiring speakers to stay informed and adaptable.

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37
Q

What role do group affiliations play in demographic analysis?

A

Group affiliations can indicate shared values, interests, or responsibilities that the speaker should consider.

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38
Q

How can a speaker use demographic analysis to avoid communication barriers?

A

By tailoring content to the audience’s demographic traits, reducing the risk of alienating or confusing them.

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39
Q

Why is audience diversity important to consider when preparing a speech?

A

A diverse audience may require a more inclusive and adaptable approach to ensure engagement from all members.

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40
Q

What are psychographic characteristics?

A

Internal traits of an audience, such as beliefs, attitudes, values, and needs.

41
Q

How are beliefs different from attitudes in audience analysis?

A

Beliefs are deeply held convictions, while attitudes are stable positive or negative responses.

42
Q

What four factors affect the difficulty of changing a belief?

A

Stability, centrality, saliency, and strength.

43
Q

How does the stability of a belief affect its changeability?

A

The longer a belief is held, the more stable and entrenched it becomes, making it harder to change.

44
Q

What is the centrality of a belief?

A

How core the belief is to a person’s identity or self-concept.

45
Q

How do values influence speech preparation?

A

Values represent what the audience considers important, and tailoring content to align with their values can increase engagement.

46
Q

How can understanding attitudes help in audience analysis?

A

Attitudes shape how the audience reacts to a topic, influencing their receptiveness to the message.

47
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

A theory that categorizes human needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

48
Q

How can Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs be applied in public speaking?

A

By understanding where the audience is on the hierarchy, the speaker can tailor messages to address relevant needs.

49
Q

Why are beliefs harder to change than attitudes?

A

Beliefs are often deeply rooted and supported by strong intellectual or experiential foundations.

50
Q

How do beliefs, attitudes, and values relate to each other?

A

Beliefs inform attitudes, which influence values and shape behavior.

51
Q

What is the role of values in determining audience engagement?

A

Values guide what the audience finds important or compelling, making them a key focus in persuasive speeches.

51
Q

How does centrality of a belief affect the likelihood of changing it?

A

If a belief is central to a person’s identity, they are less likely to change it.

52
Q

How do psychographic characteristics help tailor a persuasive speech?

A

By aligning the message with the audience’s beliefs, values, attitudes, and needs, the speaker can be more effective in persuasion.

53
Q

What is an example of a value that might influence audience behavior?`

A

A value like prestige may lead individuals to

54
Q

How can psychographic analysis help in topic selection?

A

It ensures the topic resonates with the audience’s beliefs, attitudes, values, and needs, making the speech more effective.

55
Q

What are “felt needs” in Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A

Needs that individuals strongly desire, even if not essential for survival, such as coffee or wifi.

56
Q

How can values like nostalgia influence audience behavior?

A

Nostalgia can lead people to make decisions that reflect their desire to reconnect with past experiences.

57
Q

What are contextual factors in audience analysis?

A

Elements like time, place, audience size, and purpose of the gathering that affect how a speech is delivered.

57
Q

How do attitudes shape actions in public speaking contexts?

A

Positive attitudes toward a topic or activity increase the likelihood of the audience acting on the speaker’s message.

58
Q

Why is it important to understand the audience’s needs in persuasive speeches?

A

Addressing the audience’s needs directly increases the likelihood of persuading them to take action.

59
Q

Why is it important to know the time limit for a speech?

A

It helps the speaker determine how much content to include and ensures the speech stays within the allotted time.

60
Q

How does the time of day affect a presentation?

A

Audience energy and engagement may vary based on the time, requiring different strategies to maintain attention.

60
Q

What should a speaker consider when delivering a speech to a large audience?

A

The need for increased volume, possible use of a microphone, and clear visual aids.

60
Q

How does physical space impact a speech?

A

The layout, size, and comfort of the space can influence the speaker’s movement, volume, and interaction with the audience.

61
Q

How does the purpose of the audience gathering influence speech content?

A

The speaker should tailor the speech to be relevant to why the audience is attending the event.

62
Q

Why is audience size important in speech preparation?

A

It affects the delivery style, interaction level, and choice of visual aids.

63
Q

What is the importance of knowing audience expectations before a speech?

A

It ensures the speech content and delivery align with what the audience expects from the presentation.

64
Q

How can the time of day influence audience energy?

A

Early morning or late afternoon presentations may require more engaging techniques to maintain focus.

65
Q

How does the purpose of the audience gathering affect the speaker’s approach?

A

It helps the speaker choose content that aligns with the audience’s reason for attending.

66
Q

How can physical space limitations affect a speaker’s delivery?

A

Restricted space may limit movement or visibility, requiring adjustments in delivery style.

67
Q

Why is it important to adapt delivery to audience size?

A

Larger audiences may require changes in volume and pacing, while smaller audiences may allow for more interaction.

68
Q

What impact can audience expectations have on a speech?

A

Misjudging audience expectations can lead to disengagement or misunderstanding of the message.

69
Q

Why should a speaker consider the time available for a presentation?

A

It helps in structuring the speech to fit within the time limit while covering essential points.

70
Q

What can happen if the physical space is not conducive to a speech?

A

Distractions or discomfort in the space can negatively affect audience attention and engagement.

71
Q

How can knowing the size of the audience improve speech preparation?

A

It allows the speaker to adjust their interaction, movement, and visual aids to fit the audience size.

72
Q

How does audience gathering purpose affect speech content?

A

It ensures the content is relevant to the audience’s shared interest or reason for attending.

73
Q

What should a speaker do to accommodate for audience size?

A

Use appropriate visual aids, adjust volume, and modify delivery style based on the number of attendees.

73
Q

Why is understanding physical space important in speech preparation?

A

It helps the speaker make necessary adjustments to their delivery style and movement based on the environment.

74
Q

How does physical space influence the effectiveness of a speech?

A

Factors like seating arrangement, lighting, and acoustics can impact how well the audience engages with the speaker.

75
Q

What is the difference between hearing and listening?

A

Hearing is a physical process, while listening is an active effort to understand, process, and retain information.

76
Q

What is comprehensive listening?

A

Listening focused on understanding and remembering important information from a speech.

77
Q

What is empathetic listening?

A

Listening to understand someone’s feelings and motivations, often in personal situations.

78
Q

What is appreciative listening?

A

Listening for enjoyment, such as when listening to music or poetry.

79
Q

What is critical listening?

A

Listening to evaluate the validity of arguments and information presented in a speech.

80
Q

Why is listening in public speaking considered “hard work”?

A

It requires active engagement and effort to stay focused and retain information despite distractions.

81
Q

What is planned redundancy in public speaking?

A

A technique where the speaker repeats key points to help the audience remember the information.

82
Q

How can visual aids improve audience listening?

A

They provide additional ways for the audience to understand and retain the message.

83
Q

What is a barrier to listening caused by mental processing speed?

A

The brain processes information faster than people speak, leading to potential distractions.

84
Q

How does confirmation bias affect listening?

A

It causes listeners to interpret information in ways that confirm their preconceptions, limiting open-mindedness.

85
Q

How does the speaker’s skill influence audience listening?

A

A skilled speaker can engage the audience, making it easier for them to listen and retain information.

86
Q

Why is taking notes important for listening?

A

It keeps the listener engaged and helps retain more information from the speech.

87
Q

How can distractions affect listening in public speaking?

A

External distractions, such as noises or electronic devices, can pull attention away from the speaker.

88
Q

What role does an audience member’s preparation play in effective listening?

A

Coming prepared, such as bringing a notebook, helps improve focus and engagement.

89
Q

Why is it important to avoid prejudging a speaker?

A

Prejudging can cause the listener to dismiss the speaker’s message before fully hearing it.

90
Q

How can confirmation bias lead to ineffective listening?

A

It prevents the listener from considering new perspectives or ideas that challenge their beliefs.

91
Q

How can distractions from other audience members affect listening?

A

Noises, phone use, or talking can interfere with listening and make it harder to focus on the speaker.

91
Q

What is a personal strategy to improve listening in public speaking?

A

Recognize personal barriers, such as distractions or prejudgments, and actively work to minimize them.

92
Q

How can using visual aids help with listening barriers?

A

Visual aids reinforce the spoken message, making it easier for the audience to follow and remember.

93
Q

What is the importance of audience interaction in improving listening?

A

Interaction helps keep the audience engaged and encourages active listening throughout the speech.

2024FA BASIC SPEECH (COMM-1315-12) (7 decks)

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