Ch. 37 Patients With Special Challenges

Question 1

Autism spectum disorder (ASD)

Answer 1

A group of complex disorders of brain development, charaterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and verbal and nonberbal communication.

Question 2

Cerebral palsy

Answer 2

A group disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement.

Question 3

Colostomy

Answer 3

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the colon and the surface of the body.

Question 4

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 4

Hearing loss caused by a faulty transmission sound waves.

Question 5

Developmental disability

Answer 5

Insufficient development of the brain, resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment.

Question 6

Down syndrome

Answer 6

A genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development that can occur during fetal development and that results in intellectual impairment as well as certain physical characteristics, such as a round head with a flat occiput and slanted, wide set eyes.

Question 7

Ileostomy

Answer 7

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small intestine and the surface of the body.

Question 8

Intellectual disability

Answer 8

A subset of developmental disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functionig and skills needed for daily living.

Question 9

Obesity

Answer 9

A complex condition in which a person has an exessive amoung of body fat.

Question 10

Sensorineural deafness

Answer 10

A permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear.

Question 11

Shunts

Answer 11

Tubes that drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body outside the brain, such as the abdomen; lowers pressure in the brain.

Question 12

Spina bifida

Answer 12

A development defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possibly even outside of the body, usually at the lower third of the spine in the lumbar area.

Question 13

Stoma

Answer 13

An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure.

Question 14

Tracheostomy

Answer 14

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) into the trachea; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin.

Question 15

Tracheostomy tube

Answer 15

A plastic tube placed within the tracheostomy site (stoma).

Question 16

Urostomy

Answer 16

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) that connects the urinary system to the surface of the skin and allows urine to drain through the abdominal wall.