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EMT-P (PAR 211-TRAUMA) > CH. 37 ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA > Flashcards

CH. 37 ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA Flashcards

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1
Q

pain, paralysis, paraesthesia, pulselessness,pallor, pressure

A

6 Ps of musculoskeletal assessment

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2
Q

the 6 Ps of musculoskeletal assessment

A

pain, paralysis, paresthesia, pulselessness, pallor, pressure

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3
Q

movement away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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4
Q

the cup shaped cavity in which the rounded head of the femur rotates

A

acetabulum

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5
Q

lateral extension of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder

A

acromion

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6
Q

movement toward the midline of the body

A

adduction

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7
Q

severing a part of the body

A

amputation

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8
Q

the presence of an abnormal angle or bend in an extremity

A

angulation

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9
Q

the artery that travels through the anterior muscles of the leg and continues to the foot as the dorsalis pedis

A

anterior tibial artery

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10
Q

the part of the skeleton compromising the upper and lower extremities

A

appendicular skeleton

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11
Q

inflammation of the joints

A

arthritis

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12
Q

the locations where two or more bones meet: joints

A

articulations

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13
Q

wasting away of tissue

A

atrophy

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14
Q

tissue death resulting from the loss of blood supply

A

avascular necrosis

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15
Q

a fracture that occurs when a piece of bone is torn free at the site of attachment of a tendon or ligament

A

avulsion fracture

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16
Q

the part of the skeleton compromising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage

A

axial skeleton

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17
Q

the armpit

A

axilla

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18
Q

the artery that runs through the axilla, connecting the subclavian artery to the brachial artery

A

axillary artery

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19
Q

an incomplete fracture typically occurring in children in which the bone becomes bent as the result of a compressive force

A

bowing fracture

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20
Q

a fracture of the head of the fifth metacarpal that usually results from striking an object with a clenched fist

A

boxer’s fracture

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21
Q

the artery that runs through the arm and branches into the radial and ulnar arteries

A

brachial artery

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22
Q

a common incomplete fracture in children in which the cortex of the bone fractures from an excessive compression force; also called a torus fracture

A

buckle fracture

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23
Q

securing an injured digit to an adjacent uninjured one to allow the intact digit to act as a splint

A

buddy splinting

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24
Q

a fluid filled sac located adjacent to joints that reduces the amount of friction between moving structures

A

bursa

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25
Q

inflammation of a bursa

A

bursitis

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26
Q

the heel bone and largest of tarsal bones

A

calcaneus

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27
Q

trabecular or spongy bone

A

cancellous bone

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28
Q

compression of the median nerve at the wrist where it passes through the carpal canal, causing numbness and tingling in the hand, and possibly pain

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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29
Q

the eight small bones of the wrist

A

carpals

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30
Q

tough, elastic substance that covers opposable surfaces of moveable joints and forms part of the skeleton

A

cartilage

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31
Q

joints that are spanned completely by cartilage and allow for minimal motion

A

cartilaginous joints

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32
Q

a neurologic condition caused by spinal cord compression

A

cauda equina syndrome

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33
Q

the collarbone

A

clavicle

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34
Q

a fracture in which the skin is not broken

A

closed fracture

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35
Q

a fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces

A

comminuted fracture

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36
Q

an increase in tissue pressure in a closed fascial space or compartment that compromises the circulation to the nerves and muscles within the involved compartment

A

compartment syndrome

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37
Q

a fracture in which the bone is broken into two or more completely separate pieces

A

complete fracture

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38
Q

an open facture; a fracture beneath an open wound

A

compound fracture

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39
Q

a grating sensation felt when moving the ends of a broken bone

A

crepitus

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40
Q

a condition that arises after a body part that has been compressed for a significant period is released, leading to the entry of potassium and other metabolic toxins into the systemic circulation

A

crush syndrome

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41
Q

compression of the ulnar nerve at the tunnel along the outer edge of the elbow, causing numbness, tingling, and possible partial loss of function of the little finger and medial aspect of the ring finger

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

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42
Q

the formation of a blood clot within the larger veins of an extremity, typically following a period of prolonged stabilization

A

deep vein thrombosis

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43
Q

a fracture in which the broken region of the bone is pushed deeper into the body that the remaining intact bone

A

depression fracture

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44
Q

the loss of blood to a part of the body

A

devascularization

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45
Q

the shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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46
Q

an increase in the distance between the two sides of a joint

A

diastasis

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47
Q

the arteries that supply blood to the fingers and toes

A

digital arteries

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48
Q

the displacement of a bone from its normal position within a joint

A

dislocation

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49
Q

a break in which the ends of the fractured bone move out of their normal position

A

displaced fracture

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50
Q

an injury that results from a force that tries to increase the length of a body part or separate one body part from another

A

distraction injury

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51
Q

referring to the back or posterior side of the body or an organ

A

dorsal

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52
Q

to bend the foot or hand backward

A

dorsiflex

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53
Q

the inner lining of a hollow bone

A

endosteum

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54
Q

the end region of a long bone extending between the metaphysis and the articulate surface

A

epiphysis

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55
Q

a strong, fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separate muscles

A

fascia

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56
Q

inflammation of the fascia

A

fasciitis

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57
Q

fractures that result form multiple compressive loads

A

fatigue fractures

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58
Q

the main artery supplying the thigh and leg

A

femoral artery

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59
Q

a break in the diaphysis of the femur

A

femoral shaft fractures

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60
Q

the proximal bone of the leg that extends from pelvis to the knee

A

femur

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61
Q

the joints that contain dense fibrous tissue and allow for no motion

A

fibrous joints

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62
Q

the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

A

fibula

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63
Q

bones that are thin and broad, such as the scapula

A

flat bones

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64
Q

a closed space infection of the hand

A

flexor tenosynovitis of the hand

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65
Q

a break or rupture in the bone

A

fracture

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66
Q

dying or dead tissue due to non supply of blood to the tissues

A

gangrene

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67
Q

socket in the scapula in which the head of the humerus rotates

A

genoid fossa

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68
Q

a painful disorder characterized by the crystallization of uric acid within the joint

A

gout

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69
Q

a type of fracture occurring most frequently in children in which there is incomplete breakage of the bone

A

greenstick fracture

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70
Q

the generation of blood cells

A

hematopoiesis

71
Q

the bone of the upper arm

A

humerus

72
Q

an increase in size

A

hypertrophy

73
Q

high levels of uric acid in the blood

A

hyperuricemia

74
Q

the broad, uppermost bone of the pelvis

A

ilium

75
Q

a broken bone in which the end of one bone becomes wedged into another bone, as could be the case in a fall from a significant height

A

impacted fracture

76
Q

a fracture in which the bone does not fully break

A

incomplete fracture

77
Q

an injury that results from a force that is applied to one region of the body but leads to an injury in another area

A

indirect injury

78
Q

fractures that occur in the region between the lesser and greater trochanter

A

intertrochanteric fractures

79
Q

bones with unique shapes that allow them to perform a specific function and that do not fit into the other categories based on shape

A

irregular bones

80
Q

the lowermost dorsal bone of the pelvis

A

ishium

81
Q

the point at which two or more bones articulate or come together

A

joint

82
Q

a saclike envelope that encloses the cavity of a synovial joint

A

joint capsule

83
Q

a metabolic end product of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen

A

lactic acid

84
Q

a force that is directed from the side toward the midline of the body

A

lateral compression

85
Q

tough bands of tissue that connect bone to bone around a joint or support the internal organs within the body

A

ligaments

86
Q

a fracture that runs parallel to the long axis of a bone

A

linear fracture

87
Q

bones that are longer than they are wide

A

long bones

88
Q

a complete dislocation

A

luxation

89
Q

the large rounded bony protuberance on either side of the ankle joint

A

malleolus

90
Q

an avulsion fracture of the extensor tendon of the distal phalynx caused by jamming a finger into an object

A

mallet finger

91
Q

the hollow center portion of a long bone

A

medullary canal

92
Q

the five bones that form the palm and back of the hand

A

metacarpals

93
Q

the region of the long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

metaphysis

94
Q

the five long bones extending from the tarsus to the phalanges of the foot

A

metatarsals

95
Q

the condition that arises when a muscle depletes its supply of energy

A

muscle fatigue

96
Q

muscle pain

A

myalgia

97
Q

inflammation of the muscle usually caused by infection

A

myositis

98
Q

the loss of nerve supply, blood supply, or both to a region of the body, typically distal to a site of injury

A

neuromuscular compromise

99
Q

a break in which the bone remains aligned in its normal position

A

non displaced fracture

100
Q

the sublaxation of the radial head that often results from pulling on an outstretched arm

A

nursemaid elbow

101
Q

a fracture that travels diagonally from one side of the bone to the other

A

oblique fracture

102
Q

the proximal bony projection of the ulna at the elbow; the part of the ulna that constitutes the funny bone

A

olecranon

103
Q

a life threatening fracture of the pelvis caused by a force that displaces one or both sides of the pelvis laterally and posteriorly

A

open book pelvic fracture

104
Q

any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been damaged

A

open fracture

105
Q

areas where cartilage is transformed through calcification into a new area of bone

A

ossification center

106
Q

the degeneration of a joint surface caused by wear and tear that lead to pain and stiffness

A

osteoarthritis

107
Q

a condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures

A

osteoporosis

108
Q

the overlap of a bone that occurs from the muscle spasm that follows a fracture, leading to a decrease in the length of the bone

A

overriding

109
Q

abnormal sensations such as burning, numbness, or tingling

A

paresthesias

110
Q

infection of the area around the fingernail bed

A

paronychia

111
Q

the kneecap

A

patella

112
Q

a fracture that occurs in an area of abnormally weakened bones

A

pathologic fractures

113
Q

the shoulder girdle

A

pectoral girdle

114
Q

the large bone that arises in the area of the last nine vertebrae and sweeps around to form a complete ring

A

pelvic girdle

115
Q

the fibrous tissue that cover bone

A

periosteum

116
Q

the bones of the fingers or toes

A

phalanges

117
Q

the growth plate in long bones

A

physis

118
Q

referring to the sole of the foot

A

plantar

119
Q

bending of the foot toward the ground

A

plantar flexion

120
Q

the tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger

A

point tenderness

121
Q

a type of disorder in which multiple nerves become dysfunctional

A

polyneuropathy

122
Q

the artery in the area or space behind the knee joint

A

popliteal artery

123
Q

the artery that travels through the calf muscles to the plantar aspect of the foot

A

posterior tibial artery

124
Q

the act of turning the palm of the hand backward or downward, performed by the internal rotation of the forearm

A

pronation

125
Q

the midline articulation of the pubic bones

A

pubic symphysis

126
Q

one of the two bones that form the anterior portion of the pelvic ring

A

pubis

127
Q

obstruction of a pulmonary artery or arteries by solid, liquid, or gaseous material swept through the right side of the heart into the lungs

A

pulmonary embolism

128
Q

the artery pertaining to the wrist

A

radial artery

129
Q

the bone on the thumb side of the forearm

A

radius

130
Q

the arc of movement of an extremity at a joint in a particular direction

A

range of motion (ROM)

131
Q

the process of signaling additional muscle fibers to contract to create more forceful contractions

A

recruitment

132
Q

the destruction of muscle tissue leading to a release of potassium and myoglobin

A

rhabdomyolysis

133
Q

an inflammatory disorder that affects the entire body and leads to degeneration and deformation of joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

134
Q

the small bones that are found adjacent to joints that assist with motion

A

round bones

135
Q

the points of attachment of the ilium to the sacrum

A

sacroiliac joints

136
Q

the wrist bone that is found just beyond that most distal portion of the radius

A

scaphoid

137
Q

the shoulder blade

A

scapula

138
Q

a bone that is broken in more than one place

A

segmental fracture

139
Q

inflammation of a joint based on a bacterial or fungal infection

A

septic arthritis

140
Q

the bones that are nearly as wide as they are long

A

short bones

141
Q

the dorsal deformity of the forearm that results from a Colles fracture

A

silver fork deformity

142
Q

muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated or voluntary muscle

A

skeletal muscle

143
Q

a dislocation of the epiphyseal end of the femur usually found in children and adolescents

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

144
Q

the region at the base of the thumb where the scaphoid may be palpated

A

snuffbox

145
Q

the nerve fibers that transmit impulses to a muscle

A

somatic motor neurons

146
Q

narrowing of the spinal canal, causing back pain that worsens with standing or walking

A

spinal stenosis

147
Q

a break in a bone that appears like a spring on a radiograph

A

spiral fracture

148
Q

injuries including a stretch or tear to the ligaments of a joint that commonly lead to pain and swelling

A

sprains

149
Q

a fracture of the pelvis that results from landing on the perineal region

A

straddle fracture

150
Q

stretching or tearing of a muscle by excessive stretching or overuse

A

strain

151
Q

a fracture that results from exaggerated stress on the bone caused by unusually rapid muscle development

A

stress fracture

152
Q

skeletal muscle that is under voluntary control

A

striated muscle

153
Q

the artery that travels from the aorta to each upper extremity

A

subclavian artery

154
Q

a partial or incomplete dislocation

A

subluxation

155
Q

to turn the forearm laterally so that the palm faces forward if standing or upward if lying supine

A

supination

156
Q

fractures of the distal humerus that occur just proximal to the elbow

A

supracondylar fractures

157
Q

joints that permit movement of the component bones

A

synovial joints

158
Q

the lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space

A

synovial membrane

159
Q

the bone of the foot that articulates with the tibia

A

talus

160
Q

the ankle bone

A

tarsal

161
Q

inflammation of a tendon that most commonly results from overuse

A

tendinitis

162
Q

the fibrous portions of muscles that attach to bone

A

tendons

163
Q

squeezing of the calf muscle to evaluate for plantar flexion of the foot to determine whether the Achilles tendon is intact

A

thompson test

164
Q

the condition in which a patient has a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism

A

thromboembolic disease

165
Q

the shinbone

A

tibia

166
Q

a fracture that runs in a straight line from one edge of the bone to the other and that is perpendicular to each edge

A

transverse fracture

167
Q

injuries that commonly occur during athletic activities in which an extremity rotates around a planted a foot or hand

A

twisting injuries

168
Q

the larger bone of the forearm on the side opposite the thumb

A

ulna

169
Q

the artery of the forearm that travels along its medial aspect

A

ulnar artery

170
Q

the type of pelvic fracture that occurs when a massive force displaces the pelvis superiorly

A

vertical shear

171
Q

pertaining to the palm or sole; referring to the flexor surfaces of the forearm, wrist, or hand

A

volar

172
Q

contraction of the fingers and the wrist with loss of muscular power with death and resultant contracture of the forearm musculature that sets in rapidly after severe injury around the elbow joint

A

volkmann ischemic contracture

173
Q

muscle that can be controlled by a person

A

voluntary muscle

EMT-P (PAR 211-TRAUMA) (10 decks)

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