CH. 37 ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA Flashcards
1
Q
pain, paralysis, paraesthesia, pulselessness,pallor, pressure
A
6 Ps of musculoskeletal assessment
2
Q
the 6 Ps of musculoskeletal assessment
A
pain, paralysis, paresthesia, pulselessness, pallor, pressure
3
Q
movement away from the midline of the body
A
abduction
4
Q
the cup shaped cavity in which the rounded head of the femur rotates
A
acetabulum
5
Q
lateral extension of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder
A
acromion
6
Q
movement toward the midline of the body
A
adduction
7
Q
severing a part of the body
A
amputation
8
Q
the presence of an abnormal angle or bend in an extremity
A
angulation
9
Q
the artery that travels through the anterior muscles of the leg and continues to the foot as the dorsalis pedis
A
anterior tibial artery
10
Q
the part of the skeleton compromising the upper and lower extremities
A
appendicular skeleton
11
Q
inflammation of the joints
A
arthritis
12
Q
the locations where two or more bones meet: joints
A
articulations
13
Q
wasting away of tissue
A
atrophy
14
Q
tissue death resulting from the loss of blood supply
A
avascular necrosis
15
Q
a fracture that occurs when a piece of bone is torn free at the site of attachment of a tendon or ligament
A
avulsion fracture
16
Q
the part of the skeleton compromising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage
A
axial skeleton
17
Q
the armpit
A
axilla
18
Q
the artery that runs through the axilla, connecting the subclavian artery to the brachial artery
A
axillary artery
19
Q
an incomplete fracture typically occurring in children in which the bone becomes bent as the result of a compressive force
A
bowing fracture
20
Q
a fracture of the head of the fifth metacarpal that usually results from striking an object with a clenched fist
A
boxer’s fracture
21
Q
the artery that runs through the arm and branches into the radial and ulnar arteries
A
brachial artery
22
Q
a common incomplete fracture in children in which the cortex of the bone fractures from an excessive compression force; also called a torus fracture
A
buckle fracture
23
Q
securing an injured digit to an adjacent uninjured one to allow the intact digit to act as a splint
A
buddy splinting
24
Q
a fluid filled sac located adjacent to joints that reduces the amount of friction between moving structures
A
bursa
25
inflammation of a bursa
bursitis
26
the heel bone and largest of tarsal bones
calcaneus
27
trabecular or spongy bone
cancellous bone
28
compression of the median nerve at the wrist where it passes through the carpal canal, causing numbness and tingling in the hand, and possibly pain
carpal tunnel syndrome
29
the eight small bones of the wrist
carpals
30
tough, elastic substance that covers opposable surfaces of moveable joints and forms part of the skeleton
cartilage
31
joints that are spanned completely by cartilage and allow for minimal motion
cartilaginous joints
32
a neurologic condition caused by spinal cord compression
cauda equina syndrome
33
the collarbone
clavicle
34
a fracture in which the skin is not broken
closed fracture
35
a fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces
comminuted fracture
36
an increase in tissue pressure in a closed fascial space or compartment that compromises the circulation to the nerves and muscles within the involved compartment
compartment syndrome
37
a fracture in which the bone is broken into two or more completely separate pieces
complete fracture
38
an open facture; a fracture beneath an open wound
compound fracture
39
a grating sensation felt when moving the ends of a broken bone
crepitus
40
a condition that arises after a body part that has been compressed for a significant period is released, leading to the entry of potassium and other metabolic toxins into the systemic circulation
crush syndrome
41
compression of the ulnar nerve at the tunnel along the outer edge of the elbow, causing numbness, tingling, and possible partial loss of function of the little finger and medial aspect of the ring finger
cubital tunnel syndrome
42
the formation of a blood clot within the larger veins of an extremity, typically following a period of prolonged stabilization
deep vein thrombosis
43
a fracture in which the broken region of the bone is pushed deeper into the body that the remaining intact bone
depression fracture
44
the loss of blood to a part of the body
devascularization
45
the shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
46
an increase in the distance between the two sides of a joint
diastasis
47
the arteries that supply blood to the fingers and toes
digital arteries
48
the displacement of a bone from its normal position within a joint
dislocation
49
a break in which the ends of the fractured bone move out of their normal position
displaced fracture
50
an injury that results from a force that tries to increase the length of a body part or separate one body part from another
distraction injury
51
referring to the back or posterior side of the body or an organ
dorsal
52
to bend the foot or hand backward
dorsiflex
53
the inner lining of a hollow bone
endosteum
54
the end region of a long bone extending between the metaphysis and the articulate surface
epiphysis
55
a strong, fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separate muscles
fascia
56
inflammation of the fascia
fasciitis
57
fractures that result form multiple compressive loads
fatigue fractures
58
the main artery supplying the thigh and leg
femoral artery
59
a break in the diaphysis of the femur
femoral shaft fractures
60
the proximal bone of the leg that extends from pelvis to the knee
femur
61
the joints that contain dense fibrous tissue and allow for no motion
fibrous joints
62
the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg
fibula
63
bones that are thin and broad, such as the scapula
flat bones
64
a closed space infection of the hand
flexor tenosynovitis of the hand
65
a break or rupture in the bone
fracture
66
dying or dead tissue due to non supply of blood to the tissues
gangrene
67
socket in the scapula in which the head of the humerus rotates
genoid fossa
68
a painful disorder characterized by the crystallization of uric acid within the joint
gout
69
a type of fracture occurring most frequently in children in which there is incomplete breakage of the bone
greenstick fracture
70
the generation of blood cells
hematopoiesis
71
the bone of the upper arm
humerus
72
an increase in size
hypertrophy
73
high levels of uric acid in the blood
hyperuricemia
74
the broad, uppermost bone of the pelvis
ilium
75
a broken bone in which the end of one bone becomes wedged into another bone, as could be the case in a fall from a significant height
impacted fracture
76
a fracture in which the bone does not fully break
incomplete fracture
77
an injury that results from a force that is applied to one region of the body but leads to an injury in another area
indirect injury
78
fractures that occur in the region between the lesser and greater trochanter
intertrochanteric fractures
79
bones with unique shapes that allow them to perform a specific function and that do not fit into the other categories based on shape
irregular bones
80
the lowermost dorsal bone of the pelvis
ishium
81
the point at which two or more bones articulate or come together
joint
82
a saclike envelope that encloses the cavity of a synovial joint
joint capsule
83
a metabolic end product of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen
lactic acid
84
a force that is directed from the side toward the midline of the body
lateral compression
85
tough bands of tissue that connect bone to bone around a joint or support the internal organs within the body
ligaments
86
a fracture that runs parallel to the long axis of a bone
linear fracture
87
bones that are longer than they are wide
long bones
88
a complete dislocation
luxation
89
the large rounded bony protuberance on either side of the ankle joint
malleolus
90
an avulsion fracture of the extensor tendon of the distal phalynx caused by jamming a finger into an object
mallet finger
91
the hollow center portion of a long bone
medullary canal
92
the five bones that form the palm and back of the hand
metacarpals
93
the region of the long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis
metaphysis
94
the five long bones extending from the tarsus to the phalanges of the foot
metatarsals
95
the condition that arises when a muscle depletes its supply of energy
muscle fatigue
96
muscle pain
myalgia
97
inflammation of the muscle usually caused by infection
myositis
98
the loss of nerve supply, blood supply, or both to a region of the body, typically distal to a site of injury
neuromuscular compromise
99
a break in which the bone remains aligned in its normal position
non displaced fracture
100
the sublaxation of the radial head that often results from pulling on an outstretched arm
nursemaid elbow
101
a fracture that travels diagonally from one side of the bone to the other
oblique fracture
102
the proximal bony projection of the ulna at the elbow; the part of the ulna that constitutes the funny bone
olecranon
103
a life threatening fracture of the pelvis caused by a force that displaces one or both sides of the pelvis laterally and posteriorly
open book pelvic fracture
104
any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been damaged
open fracture
105
areas where cartilage is transformed through calcification into a new area of bone
ossification center
106
the degeneration of a joint surface caused by wear and tear that lead to pain and stiffness
osteoarthritis
107
a condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures
osteoporosis
108
the overlap of a bone that occurs from the muscle spasm that follows a fracture, leading to a decrease in the length of the bone
overriding
109
abnormal sensations such as burning, numbness, or tingling
paresthesias
110
infection of the area around the fingernail bed
paronychia
111
the kneecap
patella
112
a fracture that occurs in an area of abnormally weakened bones
pathologic fractures
113
the shoulder girdle
pectoral girdle
114
the large bone that arises in the area of the last nine vertebrae and sweeps around to form a complete ring
pelvic girdle
115
the fibrous tissue that cover bone
periosteum
116
the bones of the fingers or toes
phalanges
117
the growth plate in long bones
physis
118
referring to the sole of the foot
plantar
119
bending of the foot toward the ground
plantar flexion
120
the tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury, found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger
point tenderness
121
a type of disorder in which multiple nerves become dysfunctional
polyneuropathy
122
the artery in the area or space behind the knee joint
popliteal artery
123
the artery that travels through the calf muscles to the plantar aspect of the foot
posterior tibial artery
124
the act of turning the palm of the hand backward or downward, performed by the internal rotation of the forearm
pronation
125
the midline articulation of the pubic bones
pubic symphysis
126
one of the two bones that form the anterior portion of the pelvic ring
pubis
127
obstruction of a pulmonary artery or arteries by solid, liquid, or gaseous material swept through the right side of the heart into the lungs
pulmonary embolism
128
the artery pertaining to the wrist
radial artery
129
the bone on the thumb side of the forearm
radius
130
the arc of movement of an extremity at a joint in a particular direction
range of motion (ROM)
131
the process of signaling additional muscle fibers to contract to create more forceful contractions
recruitment
132
the destruction of muscle tissue leading to a release of potassium and myoglobin
rhabdomyolysis
133
an inflammatory disorder that affects the entire body and leads to degeneration and deformation of joints
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
134
the small bones that are found adjacent to joints that assist with motion
round bones
135
the points of attachment of the ilium to the sacrum
sacroiliac joints
136
the wrist bone that is found just beyond that most distal portion of the radius
scaphoid
137
the shoulder blade
scapula
138
a bone that is broken in more than one place
segmental fracture
139
inflammation of a joint based on a bacterial or fungal infection
septic arthritis
140
the bones that are nearly as wide as they are long
short bones
141
the dorsal deformity of the forearm that results from a Colles fracture
silver fork deformity
142
muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated or voluntary muscle
skeletal muscle
143
a dislocation of the epiphyseal end of the femur usually found in children and adolescents
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
144
the region at the base of the thumb where the scaphoid may be palpated
snuffbox
145
the nerve fibers that transmit impulses to a muscle
somatic motor neurons
146
narrowing of the spinal canal, causing back pain that worsens with standing or walking
spinal stenosis
147
a break in a bone that appears like a spring on a radiograph
spiral fracture
148
injuries including a stretch or tear to the ligaments of a joint that commonly lead to pain and swelling
sprains
149
a fracture of the pelvis that results from landing on the perineal region
straddle fracture
150
stretching or tearing of a muscle by excessive stretching or overuse
strain
151
a fracture that results from exaggerated stress on the bone caused by unusually rapid muscle development
stress fracture
152
skeletal muscle that is under voluntary control
striated muscle
153
the artery that travels from the aorta to each upper extremity
subclavian artery
154
a partial or incomplete dislocation
subluxation
155
to turn the forearm laterally so that the palm faces forward if standing or upward if lying supine
supination
156
fractures of the distal humerus that occur just proximal to the elbow
supracondylar fractures
157
joints that permit movement of the component bones
synovial joints
158
the lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space
synovial membrane
159
the bone of the foot that articulates with the tibia
talus
160
the ankle bone
tarsal
161
inflammation of a tendon that most commonly results from overuse
tendinitis
162
the fibrous portions of muscles that attach to bone
tendons
163
squeezing of the calf muscle to evaluate for plantar flexion of the foot to determine whether the Achilles tendon is intact
thompson test
164
the condition in which a patient has a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
thromboembolic disease
165
the shinbone
tibia
166
a fracture that runs in a straight line from one edge of the bone to the other and that is perpendicular to each edge
transverse fracture
167
injuries that commonly occur during athletic activities in which an extremity rotates around a planted a foot or hand
twisting injuries
168
the larger bone of the forearm on the side opposite the thumb
ulna
169
the artery of the forearm that travels along its medial aspect
ulnar artery
170
the type of pelvic fracture that occurs when a massive force displaces the pelvis superiorly
vertical shear
171
pertaining to the palm or sole; referring to the flexor surfaces of the forearm, wrist, or hand
volar
172
contraction of the fingers and the wrist with loss of muscular power with death and resultant contracture of the forearm musculature that sets in rapidly after severe injury around the elbow joint
volkmann ischemic contracture
173
muscle that can be controlled by a person
voluntary muscle
