CH. 35 CHEST TRAUMA

Question 1

prominence on the sternum that lies opposite the second intercostal space

Answer 1

angle of louis

Question 2

alveolar collapse that prevents use of that portion of the lungs for ventilation and oxygenation

Answer 2

atelectasis

Question 3

a condition in which the atria and right ventricle are collapsed by a collection of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac, resulting in a diminished cardiac output

Answer 3

cardiac tamponade

Question 4

an s-shaped bone also called the collarbone that articulates medially with the sternum and laterally with the shoulder

Answer 4

clavicle

Question 5

an event in which an often fatal cardiac dysrhythmia is produced by a sudden blow to the thoracic cavity

Answer 5

commotion cordis

Question 6

a grating sensation made when two pieces of broken bone rub together or subcutaneous emphysema is palpated

Answer 6

crepitus

Question 7

large skeletal muscle that plays a major role in breathing and separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

Answer 7

diaphragm

Question 8

protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket

Answer 8

exophthalmos

Question 9

an injury that involves two or more adjacent ribs fractured in two or more places, allowing the segment between the fractures to move independently of the rest of the thoracic cage

Answer 9

flail chest

Question 10

a collection of blood within the normally closed pleural space

Answer 10

hemothorax

Question 11

the space between the two ribs, named according to the number of the rib above it, that contains the intercostal muscles and the neuromuscular bundle

Answer 11

intercostal space

Question 12

a prominence of the jugular veins due to increased volume or increased pressure within the central venous system or the thoracic cavity

Answer 12

jugular vein distension

Question 13

the superior segment of the sternum; its lower border defines the angle of louis

Answer 13

manubrium

Question 14

space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, and esophagus; located between the two lungs

Answer 14

mediastinum

Question 15

blunt force injury to the heart that results in capillary damage, interstitial bleeding, and cellular damage in the area

Answer 15

myocardial contusion

Question 16

an acute traumatic perforation of the ventricles, atria, intraventricular septum, intra atrial septum, chordae, papillary muscles, or valves

Answer 16

myocardial rupture

Question 17

also referred to as needle thoracentesis, this procedure introduces a needle or angiocath into the pleural space in an attempt to relieve tension pneumothorax

Answer 17

needle decompression

Question 18

a closely placed grouping of an artery, vein, and nerve that lies beneath the inferior edge of a rib

Answer 18

neuromuscular bundle

Question 19

the result of a defect in the chest wall that allows air to enter the thoracic space

Answer 19

open pneumothorax

Question 20

the potential space between the layers of the pericardium,

Answer 20

pericardial sac

Question 21

a procedure in which a needle or angiocath is introduced into the pericardial sac to relieve cardiac tamponade

Answer 21

pericardiocentesis

Question 22

double layered sac containing the heart and the origins of the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary artery

Answer 22

pericardium

Question 23

membrane lining the outer surface of the lungs (visceral pleura), the inner surface of the chest wall, and the thoracic surface of the diaphragm (parietal pleura)

Answer 23

pleura

Question 24

the collection of air within the normally closed pleura space

Answer 24

pneumothorax

Question 25

injury to the lung parenchyma that results in capillary hemorrhage into the tissue

Answer 25

pulmonary contusion

Question 26

a drop in the systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg more than during inspiration; commonly seen in patients with cardiac tamponade or severe asthma

Answer 26

pulsus paradoxus

Question 27

a large flat triangular bone along the posterior thorax that articulates with the clavicle and humerus

Answer 27

scapula

Question 28

also known as the breastbone along the midline of the thorax providing a point of anterior attachment for the thoracic cage

Answer 28

sternum

Question 29

the collection of blood within the sclera of the eye presenting as a bright red patch of blood over the sclera but not involving the cornea

Answer 29

subconjunctival hematoma

Question 30

a physical finding of air within the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 30

subcutaneous emphysema

Question 31

the indentation formed by the superior border of the manubrium and the clavicles, often used as a landmark for procedures such as subclavian vein access

Answer 31

suprasternal notch

Question 32

a life threatening collection of air within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collapsed the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side

Answer 32

tension pneumothorax

Question 33

the superior aspect of the thoracic cavity, the ringlike opening created by the first vertebral vertebra, the first rib, the clavicles, and the manubrium

Answer 33

thoracic inlet

Question 34

the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm, encased by the ribs

Answer 34

thorax

Question 35

dissection or rupture of the aorta

Answer 35

traumatic aortic disruption

Question 36

a pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the thorax, forcing blood from the great vessels and back into the head and neck

Answer 36

traumatic asphyxia

Question 37

an inferior segment of the sternum often used as a landmark for cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Answer 37

xiphoid process