Ch 36: Nutrition Flashcards
Give the three nutrients and classification that supply energy and tell what else they do + kcals they supply/ hr
Give the three nutrients that regulate body processes and classification
-what are these nutrients used for (3)
What is water used for
MACROnutrients Supply energy and build tissue
- Carbohydrate :4 kcal/Gram
- Protein :4 kcal
- Lipids (fats): 9kcal
micronutrients  regulate body processes 1. Vitamins 2. Minerals Micro nutrients used for: -metabolism -biochemical reaction - self functioning
water used for:
Water is critical for cell function and replaces body losses
 What is the most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the world
What is the only animal source of sugar
What kind of source is carbohydrates
What is the % recommendation of carbohydrates in calories
Most abundant in least expensive source of calories in the world are :
-carbohydrates
lactose is the only animal source of sugar
Carbohydrates are the PRIMARY source of energy
Carbohydrates are recommended 45 to 65% of total calories
What carbohydrates do you want to consume what carbohydrates do you want to avoid
What 2 categories do carbohydrates include
What is the name of stored carbohydrates what happens if excess
Consume complex carbohydrates
- whole-grain
- baked potato
- brown rice
- plant food
- fruits
Avoid simple carbohydrates
Carbohydrates include sugars and starches
Stored carbohydrates = glycogen, if excess, stored as fat
What are proteins needed for what is their function
Give the difference between complete and incomplete proteins
-how did someone who does not eat complete proteins get the essential amino acids
What is a recommendation of the percentage of protein in an adult diet
Proteins are needed for the formation of ALL Body structures
- Function: build and repair body tissues
Complete proteins
-ANIMAL products(meat dairy poultry) and SOY!!! (Have all the essential amino acids)
Incomplete proteins:
-PLANT protein (missing essential amino acids)
A person who does not eat complete proteins can combine to incomplete proteins to get the complete amino acids
Recommendations for adults 10 to 35% of total calories (0.8 g/kg)
How are lipids in water and blood
Define triglycerides
Where is cholesterol found
Give the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
What are trans fats
Lipids are insulble and water and blood
Triglycerides:
-Excess caloric intake certain body
Cholesterol ONLY FOUND in ANIMAL products
Saturated fats: animal source -solid at room temp -raise cholesterol  Unsaturated fats: vegetables -lower cholesterol and fatty acids -Liquid at room
Transfats are oils that have been hydrogenated: From a liquid to a solid and increased cholesterol
What is the percentage of lipids in diet and how does this happen
What is the recommended intake of lipids
95% of lipids in the diet are triglycerides due to a mixture of saturated (⬆️ cholesterol) and unsaturated (⬇️ cholesterol) fats
Lipids have a recommended less than 10% of calories

 give the water soluble vitamins give
& what does the body do to them
the fat soluble vitamins
what are nursing implications for what specific type of vitamins
What is another name for vitamins
What are soluble vitamins: B & C vitamins
-body does not store and will excrete if excess
Fat soluble: DEAK
-body stores
With fat-soluble vitamins we need to be cautious as nurses to give them in VERY SMALL amounts as the body stores vitamins and they will rapidly accumulate

Vitamins a.k.a. organic compounds needed in small amounts
Briefly describe would each vitamins And mineral is for
Vitamin A vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K calcium iron folic acid Vitamin C
Vitamin A : Vision
vitamin D : Calcium and phosphorus metabolism + calcium absorption
vitamin E : protects vitamin A
vitamin K : clotting
calcium : Bone
iron : transport oxygen
folic acid: prevent brain and spinal defects
Vitamin C: immune system prepare damaged cells
What are minerals
What are some of the functions of minerals
-what are the two minerals that provide structure
What is the anemia that inhibits a person from observing iron and why
-what do both of these types of anemia require
Minerals are organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
Mineral functions:
-structure in the body
•phosphorus + calcium)
-Regulate body processes
Pernicious anemia is an anemia that does not allow a person to have the needed enzyme to absorb iron
-what types of anemia require iron supplements

Give MACRO minerals
Give micro minerals
Macrominerals:
- calcium
- phosphorus
- sulfate
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
- magnesium
Micro minerals:
- Iron
- zinc
- copper
- fluoride
- iodine
What is the most vital nutrient
What is the amount of water in adults total body weight 
How much water is in the ICF
How much water is in the ECF
-give the ECF locations
_plasma aka ?
What is water in relation to chemical reactions and what does water act as to eat in digestion absorption circulation and excretion
Water is the most vital nutrient
Adult bodyweight is 50 to 60% water
2/3 body water in ICF (in cells)
One third body water in ECF (body fluids)
• plasma aka intravascular and interstitial fluid
Water is the medium necessary for all chemical reactions
Water access is solvent to aid in body processes digestion, absorption, circulation excretion
What is The definition of  basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Give the BMR for 🚹 and why
Give the BMR for 🚺 and why
Name factors that ⬆️ metabolic rate
Name factors of ⬇️ metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate:
-Energy required to sustain metabolic activities of cells and tissues
BMR 🚹: 1 cal/kg /hr due to muscle mess
BMR🚺:0.9 cal/kg/ hr due to greater fatty tissue
⬆️ metabolic rate: Burn more calories
-muscle mass
-growth
-infection fever
-stress
-temperature extremes
-certain hormones:
•thyroid and corticosteroids
Factors that⬇️ metabolic rate:
-aging
-prolonged fasting
-sleep
-certain hormones:
• thyroid and corticosteroids
 When is BMI used
Give the BMI scale
Give the BMI formula
BMI is used to tell the accumulation of excess fat
 underweight: ⬇️18.5
Normal: 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight: 25 to 29.9
Obese: 30+
BMI formula:
-Lb / height^2 x 703

Give a few factors that affect food habits (nutrition))

Physical and physiologic
Physical, social cultural, psychological
Factors that affect food habits (nutrition) -physiologic and physical factors • stage of development •stage of health •medication
-physical socioccultural and psychological factors
• age: all nutrients by breastmilk and formula
• economics: Money to buy fresh V canned food
• culture
•religion : fasting, don’t eat meat
•tradition : traditional foods
•education : what you’ve learned to eat at home
•social status : more money = eating out
•food ideology
Developmental considerations
What populations are growing therefore need increased nutritional needs
-Specifically what do these populations need
If the pregnant mother just not taken enough proteins and carbohydrates what will the fetus do
Along with growth what else increases nutritional need
Age related changes:
What is the metabolism of an older individual and their body composition
-why do older require fewer calories
When do nutritional needs level off
Infants, Adolescence, PREGNANT letting need increase nutritional needs because they are growing
-specifically these populations need proteins and carbohydrates
If pregnant mother does not take an enough protein the fetus will steal from the mom
⬆️ in activity and growth = ⬆️ nutritional needs
Metabolism of an older individual is slower because they are not as active so there’s a decreased intake required
-older populations lose subcutaneous fat
Nutritional needs level off in adulthood
