Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals > Ch 29 Medications > Flashcards

Ch 29 Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What are medication’s in reference to nursing functions

A

Medications are basic nursing functions that needs skillful technique to assess patient status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who signs generic names

what is a trademark name

what is an official name and give a.k.a.
-what is it typically?

A

Generic names: assigned by manufacturer that first developed drug

Trade name: “ brand-name” Buy company that sells drug

Official name (monograph) a name by which drug is identified in official publications
• typically generic name
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are contraindications for enteral (NG) medication

A
  1. Vomiting -give suppository or IV instead
    - look for pill in vomit
  2. Decrease GI motility
  3. absence of gag reflex
  4. Decreased level of consciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are vital nursing interventions to remember when giving oral medication

If elder cannot swallow a pill what can you do

What is a good indicator to let you know medication can be crushed

A
  • patient sitting 45-90
  • Promote swallowing with water
  • Open medication tell patient what it is
  • Give irritating medications with a small amount of food

If Elder cannot fall pill check with pharmacy to see if you can crush and mix with applesauce

If medication is scored it’s a good indicator it can be crushed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give examples of topical medication
give suppository information

What do you want meeting if you’re applying medication’s to a wound

A 
Topical:
-liniment
-lotion 
-ointment 
-suppository : through mucous membranes, melts
transdermal

If apply medications to a wound maintain surgical a sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What differentiates a caplete and a capsule
-what’s vital to remember about a capsule

Describe a tablet

where do enteric coated drugs dissolve

Describe elixir v describe syrup 

A

Caplet: coated for easy swallow
Capsule: gelatin shell DO NOT OPEN

Tablet: compressed powder

Enteric coated colon dissolve in small intestine

Elixir : water + alcohol + sweetener
syrup: mid + solution


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe:

  1. Suspension
  2. solution
  3. ointment
  4. Trans dermal
  5. paste
A

Suspension: drug particles in liquid •SHAKE

Solution: water + dissolved compounds
•STERILE

Ointment “salve” : semi solid

Transdermal: semi permeable with drug to skin

Paste: semi-solid thicker than ointment
• slower absorption




How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are drug classifications based on

Give the two primary classifications

A

Drugs classified by effects on body systems 

  1. Pharmaceutical
    - MOA, physiological effects, Chemical structure
  2. Therapeutic class
    -clinical indication for drug or therapeutic action
    (I.e: analgesic, antibiotic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are pharmacokinetics give 4 parts

A

Pharmacokinetics: body on drug

A
D : after absorption, to body
M: liver
E: kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are a few factors affect absorption of medication

A

Route, lipid solubility, pH, blood flow, conditions at the side of administration, dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

How do drugs alter body processes

When does drug receptor interaction occur

A

Pharmacodynamics: drug on body

Drugs alter body by turning on, off, promoting, blocking responses of body processes

Drug receptor interactions occur when drug interacts with one more structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

 What are a few adverse effects Of drugs

A 
Anaphylaxis 
drug tolerance
 toxins 
idiosyncratic effects
 drug interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define therapeutic range

define trout

Define half-life

A

Therapeutic range: concentration of drug in the blood that produces the desired effects

Trough level: drug in the lowest concentration in the body

Half life: Anout of time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is another name for a standing order

A

Standing order = routine order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give the parts of a medication order

What do you compare the medication to

What determines when the nurse is given medication

why military time used

A

Medication order parts:

  • patient’s name
  • date and time written
  • drug name, dose, route
  • frequency
  • signature of prescriber

Compare the medication to the MAR

Hospital policy determines when nurse gives medications

Military time used to decrease errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What timeframe is considered On time for medication administration

What do you monitor with insulin sliding scales

What are you do after administration

A

30 minutes pre-/post indicates on time for medication administration

If using insulin sliding scales monitor glucose

DOCUMENT ALL MEDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define stock supply

How are medications kept before you get them from the dispensing system

When using the barcode enabled medication cart what must you scan

What do computerize medication dispensing systems control and what are they connected to

A

Stock supply is the large quantity of medications kept on the unit 

Medication‘s are kept under lock before retrieval

To use barcode medication cart scan the drug and the bracelet to verify

Computerized medication dispensing systems control medication dispense and art networked to a medication record to keep track

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When prescribing controlled substances what MUST be included in administration documentation 

What are you do if you only use half of the dispensed narcotic

When are narcotics counted and what happens if the account does not match

A

Controlled substances administration:

  • name of patient receiving
  • amount used
  • hour given and pooled
  • name of prescriber and administering nurse

If you do not use for narcotic have a second nurse see you properly dispose of the medication

Narcotics counted at the beginning and end of shift if numbers off you must report in an investigation must be done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give the three checks of medication administration

A
  1. When reaching four container
  2. After getting from drawer /before pouring from multidose container
  3.  at bedside
    - before giving/ replacing multidose container back on shelf
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the steps to take if a medication error happens

A 
#1 check patient IMMEDIATELY!!!  
-patient is #1 priority
  1. Tell nurse manager and Dr. within shift
  2. Write a description of error and remedial steps in the MAR
  3. Complete error reporting form
    - Report to risk manager so they can do a root cause analysis



How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common type of medication error

Give a few examples of the types of medication errors

A

Wrong dose = most common med error

  • Inappropriate prescribing
  • sounded alike / look-alike
  • extra: not documented, omitted, wrong Dose
  • wrong patient, wrong route, rate., Time
  • wrong prep, deteriorated(expired)



22
Q

What is a Nurses rule during medication reconciliation

A

For my kitchen reconciliation nurse messenger right medications and no duplicates

Ensure no medication forgotten

23
Q

What is vital to remember when it comes to verbal orders

A

DO NOT TAKE VERBAL ORDERS 

  • unless emergency, but ask Doc to put into system
  • have two nurses here the order and say it back (REPEAT IT) 
  • only use approved symbols
24
Q

In the prevention of medication errors:

When mixing what do you wanna check

What labs are pertinent to check when giving meds

Can you administer medications prepared by others
- unless?

bedside med
Opening med
2x check 
Deterioration 

A

To prevent medication errors:
-check compatibility charts if mixing
-check kidney and liver function labs before giving medication
-you CANNOT administer medication prepared by others
• unless you saw them draw up the medication

Never leave mid at bedside, open medication at bedside

Some medication PINCH+ hyper alimentation (TPN) Need a 2nd nurse check

Check expiration date


25
Q

What are the five basic medication rights

What are the ither med rights

A

Five rights:
Right: patient, drug, dose, route, time

What are other rights to keep in mind

  • reason
  • assessment: “preassessment”
  • documentation
  • response: v adverse
  • education
  • refusal: find out why, let Dr know 
26
Q

When you’re identifying patient what do you check on the patient

Give the three patient identifiers how do you confirm identity

A

Check : wrist band

  1. Full name —. Checks A&O x3
  2. DOB. —
  3. Record number

To confirm ask patient to state name

27
Q

What factors influence the route of medication. 

Oral 
injection 
skin/topical 
transdermal 
mucus membranes
 inhalation
A

Oral: convenient, easy if swallowable

Injection: rapid absorption, infection risk

Skin/topical: painless, nurse can self absorb

Transdermal: prolonged systemic affects

Mucous membranes: quickly absorbed

Inhalation: rapid local respiratory effects



28
Q

When giving liquid medication‘s How do you administer

A

Admin liquid medications into a med cupON TABLE
-look for meniscus lowest liquid line for accuracy
Or use oral syringe

29
Q

When giving Enteral (NG) how do you confirm placement

For NG tube how much the head of bed be
-suction?

Give NG administration process

A

Confirm placement with

  • initial x-ray
  • measure external tubing
  • check pH ⬇️5.0

Elevate head if bed to 45°
-stop suction and leave off for 30 minutes POST ADMIN

  1. Dissolve med in 30 mL of warm water 2. flush tube with 30 mL between meds 3. give each med separately
  2. flush 30 mL post
  3. sit up for 1HR to prevent aspiration
30
Q

What are rules for recapping needles

If a medication is very Viscous what should you do in regards to needle gauge

A

Never recap needle post use

  • scoop up
  • pull off from TOP or BOTTOM

If very viscous = get bigger gauge

31
Q

How should the bevel go with intradermal injections

What is the length of a subcutaneous needle

What does an ampule require to withdraw medication
-how do you get stubborn fluid stuck in neck out

What is needle gauge and what do the numbers represent

A

ID = bevel up

Sub Q: needle length: 3/8 to 5/8

Use filter needle to withdraw from ampoule
-tap on Neck to get stubborn fluid out

Needle gauge = needle with
18 biggest
30 smallest


32
Q

Give the angle of insertion for each injection type

A

Intradermal: 5 to 15°

Subcutaneous: 45° children/thinner
90°: obese/abdomen

Intramuscular: 90°

33
Q

What is the best site to use for intramuscular injections

What rate do you inject intramuscular medication‘s, how long do you stay after medication has been administered

What does a Z track method do describe how to do it





A

IM best site: ventral gluteal

Inject IM at rate of 1 mL/ 10 seconds
-stay 10 seconds after administration

Z track method seals medication in decreasing irritation

  •  with ulnar side pull skin to side
  • inject
  • remove
  • release skin
34
Q

Give all related IM information

Sites 
needle length  
gauge
 angle 
volume
A

Sites :
-ventral gluteal #1
-Vastus lateralis: middle anterior lateral
-deltoid: 3 fingers below acromion process
•DO NOT EXCEED 1 mL DELTOID

Needle size: 1 to 1 1/2 in

Gauge: 22-25

Angle : 90

volume: 3 ml break up of +3

35
Q

Give all related ID information

Sites 
needle length
gauge
 angle 
volume
A

Sites:
Inner forearm
upper back under scapula

Needle length: 1/4 to 1/2 inches

Gauge: 25 to 27

Angle: 5 to 15°

Volume: 0.01 to 0.1 ml

36
Q

What is the absorption rate of intradermal injections

When you administer intradermal injections what is it for

A

ID injections have the longest absorption time of all injections


Intradermal injections are for sensitivity tests and local anesthesia

37
Q

Give all related SQ information

Sites 
needle length 
gauge
 angle 
volume
A 
Sites: 
outer arm
Upper back 
Abdomen **BEST
upper ventral or dorsal gluteal anterior aspect of thigh

Needle length: 3/8 to 5/8

Gauge: 25-27

Ingle: 45 or 90°

Volume:1.5ml

38
Q

What do you want to remember about administering Enoxaparin (two things)

Give instructions for pinching skin with subcutaneous injections

  1. insulin
  2. Heparin

Describe the rotation of sites with subcutaneous injections

A

Enoxaparin :

  • do not expell air bubble
  • inject 2 inches around umbellicus R and L
  1. Insulin: pinch skin and release upon injection
  2. Heparin: pinch can do not release do not massage

Do not rotate sites around body rotate around anatomical sites

39
Q

How do you mix insulins

A

Clear before cloudy

Clean both tops
Roll NPH
Inject air to NPH 
Inject air to regular
Withdraw regular
Withdraw NPH
40
Q

Where do IV administration medications deliver to

what is the IV route mostly used for

A

IV delivers directly into bloodstream

IV used for emergencies and pain

41
Q

Where do you never want to administer eyedrops

Describe the technique for ophthalmic drops

A

Never administer eyedrops to cornea

-Sit and tilt head back or supine
-Dominant hand on forehead with dropper 1 inch above conjunctival sac
-Nondominant hand creating conjunk type of sack at cheekbone
-Close eyes (include pumped them for 60 seconds if necessary) 


42
Q

How do you want to administer eardrops (very brief description)

A 
Have patient up right or supine
Pull on Pinna
Hold 1 CM above canal
Instill at side wall so it can roll in
Lightly press on tragus and remain for 2 to 3 minutes

43
Q

 when placing a transdermal patch how do you protect yourself from the medication

What do you document on the new patch

Where is the placing of the transdermal patch

A

 glove up to protect from self administration of medication

A new patch document: initials, time, date

Transdermal patches are rotated at same level placed in hairless dry areas

44
Q

When administering vaginal medication‘s what care do you give before insertion of suppository

What is the position for a vaginal suppository

What lube do you use for a vaginal suppository

When do you administer a suppository

A

When inserting vaginal suppository perform perineal care

Position:
-supine with knees bent and heels close to butt

Use water soluble lube administer at night

45
Q

What is the position for recto insertion of a suppository and what do you want to insert past

A

For rectal suppositories lie in left Sims position insert past internal anal sphincter

46
Q

What is important to remember with pressurized meter dose inhalers

How is a dry powder inhaler activated what do you not want to do

A

PMDI: requires hand strength to shake and prime

DPI: breath activated do not shake

47
Q

When using a metered dose inhaler with a spacer what do you instructed patient to do

A

Have patient exhale deeply then close mouth on spacer and tilt head a little

Breathing slow and hold for 3 to 5 seconds

48
Q

When administering the eye ointments where are you administering it and what is the direction

A

Eye ointments administered in the lower eyelid ribbon

Administer in an inward to our direction

49
Q

What do you want to document post medication

A

Post medication document:

-drug
-dose route time
-person administering it
-site (if injection)
-refusal / medication errors


50
Q

What are patient teachings when it comes to medication

A

Teach to review medication administration techniques

Take as prescribed for as long as prescribed

Do not alter dose

Do not share medication

Fundamentals (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions