Ch. 36 Disorders of Neuromuscular Function Flashcards
Which autoimmune disease lacks acetylcholine?
Myasthenia Gravis
What are the signs and symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?
- Muscle weakness pronounced more proximal the distal parts
- Fatigue
- Ptosis (eyelid drooping)
- Diplopia (double vision)
- Potential for respiratory weakness
- Symptoms worsen throughout the day
What are the treatments for Myasthenia Gravis?
- Immunosupressive therapy
- Corticosteriod drugs
- Plasmapheresis
- Thymectomy
In myasthenia gravis, periods of stress can produce myasthenia crisis. When does myasthenia crisis occur?
-When muscle weakness becomes sufficiently severe to compromise ventilation
What is any primary disorder of the peripheral nerves called?
Peripheral neuropathy
Can peripheral neuropathy involve a single nerve or multiple nerves?
Both
What is single nerve peripheral neuropathy called?
Mononeuropathy
What is multiple nerve peripheral neuropathy called?
Polyneuropathy
What syndrome is the compression of the medial nerve?
Carpa Tunnel Syndrome
Is carpal tunnel syndrome a mononeuropathy or a polyneuropathy?
Mononeuropathy
What are signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
- Pain
- Parasthesia
- Numbness of the first two and one half digits of the hand
- Pain in the wrist and hand
- Decreased grip
What are carpal tunnel syndrome treatments?
- Avoid movements that cause pain
- Splinting
- Anti inflammatory meds
- surgery
Is Guillain Barre a mononeuropathy or a polyneuropathy?
Polyneuropathy
What syndrome is an autoimmune disorder which causes rapidly progressive limb weakness and loss of tendon reflexes?
Guillain -Barre Syndrome
What are the causes of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
- 2/3 report acute influenza like an illness prior to the disease
- Streptococcal infection has been linked along with other bacteria
Does Guillain-Barre Syndrome start at the feet and works its way up?
Yes
What are Guillain-Barre signs and symptoms?
- Progressive ascending muscle weakness or the limbs
- Paresthesia
- Numbness
- Symmetric Flaccid Paralysis
What may paralysis in Guillain -Barre Syndrome progress to involve?
Respiratory Muscles
Where do patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome have pain?
- Shoulder
- Back
- Posterior Thigh
What is the treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
- High dose IV immunoglobulin therapy
- Plasmapheresis
What percent of Guillain-Barre patients make a full recovery?
80-90%
What common disorder of the basal ganglia is there in the elderly?
Parkinson Disease
What is Parkinson Disease cause by?
A reduction in dopamine
What are the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson Disease (Parkinsonism)?
- Tremor
- Rigidity
- Bradykinesia
What are nonpharmologic treatments for Parkinson Disease?
- Group support
- Education
- Nutrition
- Daily exercise
What are pharmacological treatments for Parkinson Disease?
Antiparkinson drugs to increase function of dopamine system
What disorder affects the upper motor neuron?
Multiple Sclerosis
What is the name of a demyelinating disease of the CNS?
Multiple Sclerosis
What are causes of Multiple Sclerosis?
- Genetics
- Living in northern latitude areas
- Low Vit D levels
What are manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis?
- Paresthesia
- Pain from spasticity
- Abnormal Gait
- Bladder and sexual dysfunction
- Vertigo
- Fatigue
- Speech disturbance
What is the best way to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis?
MRI
What is the treatment for Multiple Sclerosis?
- Physical Therapy
- Corticosteriods (acute attacks)
What is not a typical clinical manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis?
Sudden bursts of energy
What are signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?
- Hypertension
- Skin Pallor
- Goosebumps
What are stimuli to cause autonomic dysreflexia?
- Full bladder or rectum
- Stimulation of pain receptors
- Ejaculation
- Bladder Spasms
- Uterine Contractions
What is the treatment for autonomic dysreflexia?
- Fix stimulus
- Position patient upright
- Anti-hypertensives
