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Pathophysiology Exam 3 > Ch. 36 Disorders of Neuromuscular Function > Flashcards

Ch. 36 Disorders of Neuromuscular Function Flashcards

1
Q

Which autoimmune disease lacks acetylcholine?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?

A
  • Muscle weakness pronounced more proximal the distal parts
  • Fatigue
  • Ptosis (eyelid drooping)
  • Diplopia (double vision)
  • Potential for respiratory weakness
  • Symptoms worsen throughout the day
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3
Q

What are the treatments for Myasthenia Gravis?

A
  • Immunosupressive therapy
  • Corticosteriod drugs
  • Plasmapheresis
  • Thymectomy
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4
Q

In myasthenia gravis, periods of stress can produce myasthenia crisis. When does myasthenia crisis occur?

A

-When muscle weakness becomes sufficiently severe to compromise ventilation

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5
Q

What is any primary disorder of the peripheral nerves called?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

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6
Q

Can peripheral neuropathy involve a single nerve or multiple nerves?

A

Both

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7
Q

What is single nerve peripheral neuropathy called?

A

Mononeuropathy

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8
Q

What is multiple nerve peripheral neuropathy called?

A

Polyneuropathy

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9
Q

What syndrome is the compression of the medial nerve?

A

Carpa Tunnel Syndrome

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10
Q

Is carpal tunnel syndrome a mononeuropathy or a polyneuropathy?

A

Mononeuropathy

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11
Q

What are signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • Pain
  • Parasthesia
  • Numbness of the first two and one half digits of the hand
  • Pain in the wrist and hand
  • Decreased grip
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12
Q

What are carpal tunnel syndrome treatments?

A
  • Avoid movements that cause pain
  • Splinting
  • Anti inflammatory meds
  • surgery
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13
Q

Is Guillain Barre a mononeuropathy or a polyneuropathy?

A

Polyneuropathy

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14
Q

What syndrome is an autoimmune disorder which causes rapidly progressive limb weakness and loss of tendon reflexes?

A

Guillain -Barre Syndrome

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15
Q

What are the causes of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A
  • 2/3 report acute influenza like an illness prior to the disease
  • Streptococcal infection has been linked along with other bacteria
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16
Q

Does Guillain-Barre Syndrome start at the feet and works its way up?

A

Yes

17
Q

What are Guillain-Barre signs and symptoms?

A
  • Progressive ascending muscle weakness or the limbs
  • Paresthesia
  • Numbness
  • Symmetric Flaccid Paralysis
18
Q

What may paralysis in Guillain -Barre Syndrome progress to involve?

A

Respiratory Muscles

19
Q

Where do patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome have pain?

A
  • Shoulder
  • Back
  • Posterior Thigh
20
Q

What is the treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A
  • High dose IV immunoglobulin therapy

- Plasmapheresis

21
Q

What percent of Guillain-Barre patients make a full recovery?

A

80-90%

22
Q

What common disorder of the basal ganglia is there in the elderly?

A

Parkinson Disease

23
Q

What is Parkinson Disease cause by?

A

A reduction in dopamine

24
Q

What are the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson Disease (Parkinsonism)?

A
  • Tremor
  • Rigidity
  • Bradykinesia
25
Q

What are nonpharmologic treatments for Parkinson Disease?

A
  • Group support
  • Education
  • Nutrition
  • Daily exercise
26
Q

What are pharmacological treatments for Parkinson Disease?

A

Antiparkinson drugs to increase function of dopamine system

27
Q

What disorder affects the upper motor neuron?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

28
Q

What is the name of a demyelinating disease of the CNS?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

29
Q

What are causes of Multiple Sclerosis?

A
  • Genetics
  • Living in northern latitude areas
  • Low Vit D levels
30
Q

What are manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis?

A
  • Paresthesia
  • Pain from spasticity
  • Abnormal Gait
  • Bladder and sexual dysfunction
  • Vertigo
  • Fatigue
  • Speech disturbance
31
Q

What is the best way to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis?

A

MRI

32
Q

What is the treatment for Multiple Sclerosis?

A
  • Physical Therapy

- Corticosteriods (acute attacks)

33
Q

What is not a typical clinical manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Sudden bursts of energy

34
Q

What are signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Skin Pallor
  • Goosebumps
35
Q

What are stimuli to cause autonomic dysreflexia?

A
  • Full bladder or rectum
  • Stimulation of pain receptors
  • Ejaculation
  • Bladder Spasms
  • Uterine Contractions
36
Q

What is the treatment for autonomic dysreflexia?

A
  • Fix stimulus
  • Position patient upright
  • Anti-hypertensives

Pathophysiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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