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Pathophysiology Exam 3 > Ch. 25 & 27 Disorders of Renal Function > Flashcards

Ch. 25 & 27 Disorders of Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common cause of obstruction which develop in the kidneys and are excreted un urine?

A

Urinary Calculi/urolithiasis (Renal Calculi)

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2
Q

What are the manifestations of renal calculi?

A
  • PAIN

- Hematuria

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3
Q

What type of pain does renal calculi cause?

A
  • Acute, intermitting, excruciating
  • Flank, upper and outer abdominal quadrant
  • Worsens with increase of fluid intake
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4
Q

Which pain medication is a wonder drug for renal calculi?

A

Toradol

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5
Q

Renal calculi can be passed in urine if it is what size?

A

<5mm

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6
Q

To treat renal calculi what should be encouraged?

A

Fluid intake (or IV)

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7
Q

What is one of the number one causes of UTI?

A

E.coli from vaginal or perianal areas

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8
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

An infection the people providing care caused.

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9
Q

What is urethrovesical?

A

urine from urethra moves into bladder (UTI)

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10
Q

What is vesicoureteral?

A

urine from bladder moves into ureters

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11
Q

What is the problem with UTI obstruction?

A

Urine remains in urinary tract and acts as a medium for bacterial growth

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12
Q

What are UTI manifestations?

A
  • Frequency
  • Urgency
  • Dysuria
  • Lower abdominal/back discomfort
  • cloudy/foul smelling urine
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13
Q

How can a UTI be diagnosed?

A
  • U/A
  • Culture and sensitivity
  • leukocytes
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14
Q

What is the treatment for a UTI?

A
  • Antibiotics 3-7 days
  • Cranberry juice
  • Increase fluid intake
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15
Q

What is the leading sign of a UTI in the elderly?

A

AMS

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16
Q

Acute Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) is what type of disorder?

A

Tubulointerstitial

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17
Q

Infection and inflammation of the tubules is what?

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

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18
Q

Bacteria ascending from the lower urinary tract causes what?

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

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19
Q

Does acute pyelonephritis cause fever and chills?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Does acute pyelonephritis cause headache, flank pain, and CVA (costovertebral) tenderness?

A

Yes

21
Q

Similarly to a UTI does acute pyelonephritis also cause dysuria, frequency, and urgency?

A

Yes

22
Q

Does acute pyelonephritis cause malaise?

A

Yes

23
Q

What is the treatment for acute pyelonephritis?

A
  • Antibiotics (typically IV)
  • Fluids (oral or IV)
  • Tylenol for fever
24
Q

Chronic Pyelonephritis (progressive) is what type of disorder?

A

Tubulointerstitial

25
Q

What is the most common cause of Chronic Pyelonephritis?

A

Reflux

26
Q

Inflammation, scarring, deformation of renal chalices and pelvis is caused by what tubulointerstitial disorder?

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

27
Q

What is Chronic Pyelonephritis?

A

A bacterial infection with obstructive abnormality or reflux.

28
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis can have s/s of an acute infection or what else?

A

Can be insidious

29
Q

What are the manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis?

A
  • Polyuria
  • Nocturia
  • Mild proteinuria
30
Q

Chronic Pyelonephritis is the cause of 10-20% of what?

A

Renal failure patients

31
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

Inflammatory injury to the glomerulus.

32
Q

An acute glomerulonephritis infection occurs when?

A

2-3 weeks after streptococcal infection

33
Q

A chronic glomerulonephritis infection occurs when?

A

after acute phase or slowly over time

34
Q

Periorbital and facial edema is a manifestation of what type of infection?

A

Glomerulonephritis

35
Q

Anorexia, pallor, lethargy, and hypertension are manifestation of what type of infection?

A

Glomerulonephritis

36
Q

What type of urinary related manifestations are seen in glomerulonephritis?

A
  • Decreased urinary output
  • Proteinuria
  • Cloudy, smoky, brown colored urine (hematuria)
37
Q

An increased BUN, increased creatinine and proteinuria are diagnostic test to determine what?

A

Glomerulonephritis

38
Q

What are complications of glomerulonephritis?

A
  • Renal failure
  • Hypertensive encephalopathy
  • Pulmonary edema
  • heart failure
39
Q

What are interventions for glomerulonephritis?

A
  • Daily weight
  • Sodium and water restriction
  • Administer diuretics
40
Q

A 10-year old with glomerulonephritis reports a headache and blurred vision. What should the nurse do immediately?

A

Obtain the child’s BP

41
Q

What syndrome is caused by protein wasting caused from diffuse glomerular damage?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome (Fluid volume overload)

42
Q

What is the hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Generalized edema

43
Q

What is the most important intervention for a patient with nephrotic syndrome?

A

Daily Weights!

44
Q

The nurse determines that interventions for decreasing fluid retention have been effective when the child with nephrotic syndrome demonstrated evidence of what?

A

Decreased abdominal girth

45
Q

What is the most important thing to do if a Wilms Tumor is suspected?

A

Avoid palpating the abdomen.

46
Q

What is one of the most common childhood tumors of the abdomen and the most common type of kidney tumor?

A

Wilms Tumor

47
Q

What are the manifestations of a Wilms Tumor?

A
  • *Swelling in abdomen
  • Abdominal pain
  • Blood in urine (not as common)
48
Q

A client seen in the Emergency Department reports dysuria, frequency, and urgency. What condition would the nurse suspect?

A

Cystitis (UTI/bladder infection)

49
Q

As compared to younger adults, older adults who experience UTIs tend to exhibit the following primary manifestations?

A

Cognitive impairment and anorexia

Pathophysiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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