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Pathophysiology Exam 3 > Ch. 29 Disorders of GI Function > Flashcards

Ch. 29 Disorders of GI Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common GI congenital abnormalities?

A

Esophageal atresia and TEF

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2
Q

What are manifestations of Esophageal atresia and TEF?

A
  • Frothing and bubbling at the mouth
  • Episodes of coughing
  • Cyanosis
  • Respiratory Distress
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3
Q

What are interventions for Esophageal atresia and TEF?

A
  • NPO
  • Surgery
  • Temporary goal with G-tube
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4
Q

Difficulty swallowing is called what?

A

Dysphagia

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5
Q

What are manifestations of dysphagia?

A
  • Choking

- Coughing

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6
Q

What are interventions for dysphagia?

A
  • Involve multidisciplinary team

- Mechanical dilation/surgery

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7
Q

What are longitudinal tears in the esophagus at the esophogastric junction called?

A

Tears- Mallory Weiss Syndrome

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8
Q

Mallory Weiss Syndrome is caused by what?

A

Chronic Alcoholism after severe retching/vomiting

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9
Q

What are manifestations of Mallory Weiss Syndrome?

A
  • Abdominal Pain

- GI bleeding (large amount at a time)

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10
Q

A protrusion or herniation of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm is called what?

A

Hiatal Hernia (“annoying”)

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11
Q

How are hiatal hernias treated?

A

Medication or surgery

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12
Q

What are manifestations of GERD?

A
  • Heartburn
  • Chest pain
  • Belching
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13
Q

What should be done when eating as an intervention for GERD?

A
  • Eat small meals
  • Sit up after eating
  • Avoid fatty foods
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14
Q

Is losing weight an intervention for GERD?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What medication interventions can help with GERD?

A
  • Antacids
  • Histamine 2 receptor blocking antagonists
  • Proton pump inhibitors
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16
Q

What are complications of GERD?

A
  • Persistant reflux

- Barrett’s esophagus

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17
Q

A self-limiting disorder that causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa is what?

A

Gastritis

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18
Q

What are the causes of gastritis?

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Alcohol
  • Bacterial Toxins
  • H. Pylori
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19
Q

What are manifestations of gastritis?

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal Pain
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20
Q

What are gastritis interventions?

A
  • Antacids
  • Antibiotics (H. pylori)
  • Proton pump inhibitors
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21
Q

Helicobacter pylori gastritis has a prevalence in more than 50% of American adults older than 50 years and is believed to be caused by a previous infection when the patient was younger. What can H.pylori cause?

A

Gastric atrophy

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22
Q

What does PUD stand for?

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

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23
Q

What are the most common forms of PUD?

A

-Duodenal and gastic ulcers

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24
Q

What risk factors are there for developing PUD?

A
  • H. pylori

- Use of aspirin

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25
Q

What are the manifestations of PUD?

A
  • **Pain in relieved by food or antacids

- Burning, gnawing, and cramp like pain when stomach is empty

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26
Q

What are interventions for PUD?

A
  • Antacids
  • H2 receptor antagonists
  • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Avoid ASA and NSAIDs
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27
Q

The nurse is monitoring a client with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate perforation of the ulcer?

A

A rigid, board like abdomen

28
Q

Persistent and recurrent symptoms of abdominal pain, altered bowel function are signs of what?

A

IBS

29
Q

What is the hallmark sign of IBS?

A

Abdominal pain relieved by defecation

30
Q

Besides the hallmark sign, what are other manifestations of IBS?

A
  • Flatulence
  • Bloating
  • Nausea
  • Anorexia
  • Constipation or diarrhea
31
Q

Recurrent granulomatous is a type of inflammatory response that can effect any area of the GI tract is known as what?

A

Crohn’s Disease

32
Q

In what disease does the bowel become thick and inflexible?

A

Crohn’s Disease

33
Q

What are manifestations of Crohn’s disease?

A
  • Intermittent diarrhea
  • Coliky pain
  • Weight loss
  • Fluid/electrolyte disorder
  • Malaise
  • Low grade fever
34
Q

What is a main complication of Crohn’s disease?

A

Fistula Formation

35
Q

What is a nonspecific inflammatory condition of the colon?

A

Ulcerative Colitis

36
Q

What are manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis?

A
  • Diarrhea attacks
  • Bloody/mucus stools
  • Mild abdominal cramping
  • Fecal incontinence
  • Weakness/fatigue
  • Anorexia
37
Q

What are interventions for Ulcerative Colitis?

A
  • Avoid caffeine
  • Limit dairy
  • Use fiber supplements
  • Surgical treatment
38
Q

A condition in which the mucosal layer of the colon herniates through the muscular layer is called what?

A

DiverticulOSIS

39
Q

DiverticulOSIS is most common in which part of the colon?

A

Sigmoid

40
Q

With diverticulOSIS most people remain what?

A

Asymptomatic

41
Q

How is diverticulOSIS described by patients?

A
  • Lower abdominal discomfort

- change in bowel habits

42
Q

What is it called when there is inflammation of the diverticulum?

A

DiverticulITIS

43
Q

What are the manifestations of diverticulITIS?

A
  • LLQ pain/tenderness
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Low grade fever
  • Elevated WBC count
  • Rigid board like abdomen (perforation)?
44
Q

What interventions are there for acute diverticulITIS?

A
  • Antibiotics

- Withhold solid food (bowel rest)

45
Q

DiverticulITIS is what type or response?

A

Infectious

46
Q

When the appendix becomes inflamed, swollen, gangrenous, and will perforate if not treated is called what?

A

Appendicitis

47
Q

Initially people with appendicitis have vague what?

A

Stomach pain

48
Q

Later on people with appendicitis have what type of pain?

A

RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

49
Q

Would people with appendicitis have an elevated WBC >10,000mm3 and a fever?

A

Yes.

50
Q

What is the only intervention for appendicitis?

A

Surgery

51
Q

What are potential complications of appendicitis ?

A
  • Peritonitis
  • Abscess formation
  • Septicemia
52
Q

What is an inflammatory response of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity of peritoneal lining?

A

Peritonitis

53
Q

Most commonly, enteric bacteria enter the peritoneum because of a defect in the wall of one of the abdominal organs is seen in what?

A

Peritonitis

54
Q

What are common causes peritonitis?

A
  • Ruptured appendix
  • Perforated diverticulum or peptic ulcer
  • Gangrenous bowel
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Abdominal trauma and gunshot wounds
55
Q

What are manifestations of peritonitis?

A
  • Pain/tenderness is common
  • Pt is still in bed
  • Shallow breathing
  • Abdominal rigidity with guarding
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Elevated WBC count
56
Q

What is an impairment of movement in the intestinal tract called?

A

Intestinal Obstruction

57
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of an intestinal obstruction?

A
  • Pain
  • Absolute Constipation
  • Abdominal Distension
  • Vomiting (Smells like stool)
58
Q

A diet high in fat, refined sugar intake, low fiber intake and lack of vitamins A, C, and E, is a common cause of what?

A

Colorectal cancer

59
Q

What are early manifestations of colorectal cancer?

A
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Change in bowel habits
  • Diarrhea/Constipation
  • Sense of urgency or incomplete emptying of bowel
60
Q

What are late manifestations of colorectal cancer?

A

-Pain

61
Q

What disorders is triggered by ingestion of gluten containing grains? (Wheat, barley, rye)

A

Celiac Disease

62
Q

What are infancy manifestations of celiac disease?

A
  • Failure to thrive
  • Abdominal distension
  • Occasionally severe malnutrition
63
Q

What are older children manifestations of celiac disease?

A
  • Anemia
  • Short stature
  • Dental enamel defects
  • Constipation
64
Q

What are adult manifestations of celiac disease?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Bloating
  • Flatus
  • Belching
65
Q

What is the most common ways o test for celiac disease?

A

Serologic Tests

66
Q

What is the last resort for testing for celiac disease?

A

Intestinal Biopsy

Pathophysiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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