Ch. 35.1—Plant Structure, Growth, & Development Flashcards
_____ and _____: the two major
groups of angiosperms.
- Monocots.
- Eudicots.
The Three Basic Plant Organs:
- Roots.
- Stems.
- Leaves.
Roots, Stems, and Leaves are organized into a _________ and ________.
- Root System.
- Shoot System.
________: rely on sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system—store food in the form of carbohydrates.
-Root System.
________: rely on water and minerals absorbed by the root system.
-Shoot System.
Plants with root adaptations include:
- Prop roots
- Storage roots
- Pneumatophores
- “Strangling” aerial roots
- Buttress roots
An ___________ is a structure that has the potential to form a lateral branch, thorn, or flower.
-Axillary Bud.
Modified stems include:
- Rhizomes.
- Stolons.
- Tubers.
Modified leaves include:
- Spines.
- Tendrils.
- Reproductive leaves.
- Storage leaves.
Each plant organ has ______, _______, and ______ tissues.
- Dermal.
- Vascular.
- Ground.
________: conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots.
-Xylem.
_______: transports sugars from where they are made to where they are needed.
-Phloem.
The vascular tissue of a root or stem is collectively called the: _______.
-Stele.
In _________ the stele of the root is a solid central vascular cylinder.
-Angiosperms.
Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are the: ___________.
-Ground Tissue System.
Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is _____; ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is ______.
- Pith.
- Cortex.
The Major types of plant cells are:
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
- Water-conducting cells of the xylem
- Sugar-conducting cells of the phloem
Mature _________: Have thin and flexible primary walls; Lack secondary walls; Are the least specialized; Perform the most metabolic functions; Retain the ability to divide and differentiate.
-Parenchyma Cells.
_________: are grouped in strands and help support young parts of the plant shoot; have thicker and uneven cell walls; provide flexible support without
restraining growth.
-Collenchyma cells.
_________: are rigid because of thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin, an indigestible strengthening polymer; dead at functional maturity.
-Sclerenchyma cells.
The 2 types of Sclerenchyma cells:
- Sclereids
- Fibers
________: are short and irregular in shape and have
thick lignified secondary walls
-Sclereids
_______: are long and slender and arranged in threads
-Fibers.
The 2 types of water-conducting cells, ______ and ______, are dead at maturity.
- Tracheids.
- Vessel Elements.
