Ch. 29.1—Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Question 1

Land plants evolved from _____ _____ (also called charophytes).

Answer 1

Green Algae

Question 2

Land plants share which of the following traits with only charophytes?

A) Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
B) Structure of flagellated sperm. 
C) Chitin.
D) Formation of pharagmoplast. 
E) Sporopollenin.

Answer 2

A) Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins.
B) Structure of flagellated sperm.
D) Formation of pharagmoplast.

Question 3

Charophytes have a layer of a durable polymer called ________, which prevents exposed zygotes from drying out, and is found in plant spore walls?

A) Cell wall
B) Chitin
C) Spore
D) Sporopollenin

Answer 3

D) Sporopollenin.

Question 4

________ are plants with embryos.

Answer 4

Embryophytes.

Question 5

(5) key traits that appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes include all of the following BUT:

A) Alternation of generations. 
B) Single generation. 
C) Multicellular, dependent embryos. 
D) Walled spores produced in sporangia. 
E) Multicellular gametangia. 
F) Apical Meristems.

Answer 5

B) Single generation.

Question 6

Plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a reproductive cycle called _____________.

Answer 6

Alternation of Generations.

Question 7

What are the (2) stages in the alternation of

generations?

Answer 7

• Sporophyte

- Gametophyte

Question 8

The __________ is haploid and produces

haploid gametes by mitosis.

Answer 8

Gametophyte.

Question 9

Fusion of the gametes gives rise to the diploid
________, which produces haploid spores by
meiosis.

Answer 9

-sporophyte

Question 10

Nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo

through ________ _______ ______.

Answer 10

-Placental Transfer Cells.

Question 11

Spore walls contain __________, which makes

them resistant to harsh environments.

Answer 11

-Sporopollenin.

Question 12

Gametes are produced within organs called _________: Female gametangia, called _________, produce eggs and are the site of fertilization whereas male gametangia, called _________, produce and release sperm.

Answer 12

• Gametangia.
• Archegonia.
• Antheridia.

Question 13

Plants sustain continual growth in their ________ and their cells differentiate into
various tissues.

Answer 13

-Apical Meristems

Question 14

_______: a waxy covering of the epidermis

Answer 14

-Cuticle.

Question 15

_______: are specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and the plant.

Answer 15

-Stomata.

Question 16

________: symbiotic associations between fungi and land plants that may have helped plants without true roots to obtain nutrients

Answer 16

-Mycorrhizae.

Question 17

Most plants have vascular tissue—these constitute the vascular plants; Nonvascular plants are commonly called ________.

Answer 17

-Bryophytes.

Question 18

The Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes) consist of what 3 Phyla?

Answer 18

• Hepatophyta (Liverworts)
• Bryophyta (Mosses)
• Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)

Question 19

Seedless vascular plants can be divided into what (2) clades?

Answer 19

• Lycophyta (club mosses)

- Monilaphyta (ferns)

Question 20

Seed plants form a clade and can be further divided into what (2) clades?

Answer 20

• Gymosperms (naked seed plants—conifers).

- Angiosperms (flowering plants).